海洋浮游古菌MGII的研究进展

海洋浮游古菌MGⅡ是海洋表层水体中最丰富的古菌类群。自1992年被发现以来,如今依然没有被成功分离纯化。前人基于16S rRNA基因的研究认为MGⅡ可以被分为MGⅡa、MGⅡb和MGⅡc三个亚类。近年来,对大量的宏基因组测序数据的分析表明,MGⅡ在分类学上属于广古菌门热源体纲下的一个目,包含MGⅡa和MGⅡb两个科。以前通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果得出的少量MGⅡc,在宏基因组测序的数据中并没有找到,因此最近两年的研究认为MGⅡ主要由MGⅡa和MGⅡb组成。本文综述了海洋浮游古菌MGⅡ的丰度和多样性分布特征、潜在的生态功能、生态关系以及培养等方面的研究进展,比较了MGⅡa和MGⅡb的异同点,并对当前的研究热点和趋势进行了讨论和展望。

Advances in marine group II archaea research

Climate warming caused by the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has brought serious impact on the sustainable development of human society. The hydrospheric ecosystem is not only one of the world''s most important carbon sinks, but also the world''s most important natural sources of methane emissions. Therefore, understanding of hydrospheric methane emission and related microbial mechanisms under climate warming is important to reveal the future trend of the earth''s climate system and predict potential scenarios of future global change. Additionally, it will provide basic theoretical support for how to effectively utilize the potential of the carbon sink in the hydrosphere, in order to better respond to global climate change issues. In this paper, we review the status and trend of microbial-mediated methane emissions of the main hydrospheric ecosystems under climate warming, and introduce the complex regulatory effects of climate warming on microbial communities and functions related to methane metabolisms. In view of the current research status, it is urgent to carry out related researches based on the complexity of ecosystems and the long-term nature of climate warming through a combination of micro-mechanisms and macro-processes. Meanwhile, it is suggested to strengthen the researches in relatively weak areas such as the ocean.