H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的全球流行概况

H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感病毒(highly pathogenic avian influenza virus,HPAIV)随候鸟的迁徙活动及商业贸易活动现已蔓延至亚洲、欧洲、非洲、美洲等国家和地区。2014–2015和2016–2019年H5N8亚型HPAIV已引发两波全球疫情,现正经历第三波疫情,导致家禽及野生鸟类大量死亡,造成严重的经济损失。已有研究发现,病毒基因位点突变能使其对犬、鼠、水貂等哺乳动物毒力增强,值得关注的是2021年2月俄罗斯首次报道人感染H5N8病毒事件,具有重要的公共卫生意义。本文针对在全球出现的家禽及野鸟H5N8亚型HPAIV疫情及流行情况进行综述,探讨其来源以及危害,建议加强野生鸟类特别是迁徙候鸟禽流感病毒的主动监测,早发现、早预警,最大程度减少禽流感疫情带来的经济损失及对人类健康带来的威胁。

Global epidemiology of H5N8 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

H5N8 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has spread to Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and other countries and regions with the migration of wild birds and commercial trade activities. H5N8 HPAIV caused two waves of pandemic in 2014-2015 and 2016-2019, and the third wave has broken out, leading to the death of a large number of poultry and wild birds and serious economic loss. Previous studies have shown that mutation can enhance the virulence of the virus to mammals such as canines, mice, and minks. The first human infection event was reported in February 2021, which is of important public health significance. This article reviewed the global epidemic situation of the H5N8 HPAIV in recent years, and discussed its origin and hazards. We suggest strengthening the active surveillance of AIV in wild birds, especially migratory birds, and performing early warning to reduce economic loss and threats to human health.