Fine-scale genetic structure among genetic individuals of the clone-forming monotypic genus Echinosophora koreensis (Fabaceae) |
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Authors: | Chung Jae Min Lee Byeung Cheun Kim Jin Seok Park Chong-Wook Chung Mi Yoon Chung Myong Gi |
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Institution: | 1 Division of Specimen and Genetic Resources, National Arboretum, Korea Forest Service, Gyeonggi Province, 487-821, Republic of Korea, 2 School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea and 3 Department of Biology and Institute of Basic Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Background and Aims For rare endemics or endangered plantspecies that reproduce both sexually and vegetatively it iscritical to understand the extent of clonality because assessmentof clonal extent and distribution has important ecological andevolutionary consequences with conservation implications. Asurvey was undertaken to understand clonal effects on fine-scalegenetic structure (FSGS) in two populations (one from a disturbedand the other from an undisturbed locality) of Echinosophorakoreensis, an endangered small shrub belonging to a monotypicgenus in central Korea that reproduces both sexually and vegetativelyvia rhizomes. Methods Using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) asgenetic markers, the spatial distribution of individuals wasevaluated using Ripley's L(d)-statistics and quantified thespatial scale of clonal spread and spatial distribution of ISSRgenotypes using spatial autocorrelation analysis techniques(join-count statistics and kinship coefficient, Fij) for totalsamples and samples excluding clones. Key Results A high degree of differentiation betweenpopulations was observed (ST(g) = 0·184, P < 0·001).Ripley's L(d)-statistics revealed a near random distributionof individuals in a disturbed population, whereas significantaggregation of individuals was found in an undisturbed site.The join-count statistics revealed that most clones significantlyaggregate at 6-m interplant distance. The Sp statistic reflectingpatterns of correlograms revealed a strong pattern of FSGS forall four data sets (Sp = 0·0720·154), butthese patterns were not significantly different from each other.At small interplant distances (2 m), however, jackknifed 95% CIs revealed that the total samples exhibited significantlyhigher Fij values than the same samples excluding clones. Conclusion The strong FSGS from genets is consistentwith two biological and ecological traits of E. koreensis: bee-pollinationand limited seed dispersal. Furthermore, potential clone matesover repeated generations would contribute to the observed highFij values among genets at short distance. To ensure long-termex situ genetic variability of the endangered E. koreensis,individuals located at distances of 1012 m should becollected across entire populations of E. koreensis. |
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Keywords: | Clonal structure conservation Echinosophora koreensis monotypic genus Fabaceae fine-scale genetic structure genets ISSRs sampling strategies |
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