核黄素基因工程研究进展

核黄素 (维生素B2 )为天然水溶性的B族维生素 ,是维持机体正常代谢所必须的物质 ,具有重要的生理功能。目前核黄素的生产方法主要有化学合成法和微生物发酵法。其中微生物发酵法是后来发展起来的一种十分经济有效的方法 ,并在核黄素主产中开始占据主导地位。为进一步获得核黄素高产菌株 ,人们对核黄素合成基因及其表达调控的机制做了深入细致的研究 ,并以此为依据 ,通过基因工程手段构建出了核黄素高产菌株 ,大大提高了核黄素的产量 ,其中尤以枯草芽孢杆菌最为成功。综述发酵法生产核黄素的现状、核黄素生物合成的分子生物学以及基因工程研究进展 ,讨论了其进一步的发展方向。

Research Advances of the Genetic Engineering in Riboflavin Biosynthesis

Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) is a precursor to coenzymes such as flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) and flavin mononucleotide(FMN).It is essential to basic metabolism for all creatures.It can be commercially produced either by a complete chemical synthesis or by fermentation with some microorganisms.The chemical riboflavin prodution is being replaced by microbial processes for its high cost and environment pollution.In order to acquire riboflavin over-producing strains,research has been concentrated on finalizing the relationships of genes and enzymes,dissecting the complex regulatory apparatus that governs expression of the rib genes and identifying transport genes.These knowledge acquired has been utilized to generate engineered strains,which greatly overproduce riboflavin.The engineered riboflavin overproducing Bacillus subtilis is one of the most successful examples.This review summarized the progresses and trends in the commercial riboflavin production by fermentation,the molecular biology involved in the synthesis of riboflavin in Bacillus subtilis,and the genetic engineering used to construct riboflavin over-producing strains.