生物垃圾堆肥的过程研究及腐熟度评价

目的：研究静态强制通风发酵工艺对合肥市农贸市场的生物废弃物进行好氧堆肥处理过程的物质变化和腐熟效果。方法：分析发酵过程中温度、含水率、挥发分含量、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量等物理指标和化学指标。结果：一次发酵中堆肥的温度在55℃以上的有3d,经过一次发酵和二次发酵,堆肥中挥发分含量由85.4%降低到51.2%。纤维素的含量由20.90%减少到15.48%,半纤维素的含量由7.20%减少到1.36%,,纤维素、半纤维素在二次发酵中降解率比一次发酵的小,木质素虽在一次发酵中基本没有降解。但在二次发酵中得到有效降解,木质素含量由8.30%减少到5.38%。堆肥后物料在70d堆肥后,基本上达到腐熟程度。结论：温度、含水率、挥发性物质、淀粉实验、生物可降解度实验等指标检测可以评价静态强制通风发酵工艺对合肥市农贸市场的生物废弃物进行好氧堆肥处理过程的物质变化和腐熟效果。

Biowaste Composting Process and Rotten Degree Evaluation

Objective: To study the substances change and rotten degree of biowaste from agricultural market composted by static driven aeration. Method: The parameters like temperature, moisture, volatile substance, cellulose content, hemicellulose and lignin content were determined. Result: The temperature was over 55℃ lasted 3d during the first composting stage. After two stages composting, the content of volatile fraction contained in biowaste decreased from 85.4% to51.2%. Content of cellulose decreased from 20.90% to 15.48%, content of hemicellulose from 7. 20% to 1.36% . Compared that with first composting stage, degrade rates of cellulose and hemicellulose were smaller during second stage. The content of lignin decreased from 8.30% to 5.38% after second stage composting, even though there was nearly no change of content of lignin at the first stage. After 70 composting, the product was stable and met the standard requirements. Conclusion: The parameters like moisture content, volatile substance content, starch test and biodegradable degree could be assayed and used for evaluation of compost produced with biowaste from agricultural market composted by static driven aeration.