西双版纳热带森林鸟类群落结构

本文通过鸟类群落结构变化、鸟类摄食生态及其与环境关系的研究，认识西双版纳热带森林变迁的进程。结果表明：西双版纳地区由于森林破坏和滥捕乱猎严重，大型鸟类种和数量明显下降，啄木鸟科鸟类减少，森林砍伐造成一些蛀干害虫增生，自然平衡失调。目前，该区未出现明显的食叶害虫危害森林成灾情况，这与小型食虫鸟类受人为猎杀影响较小，仍能发挥其生态功能有关。

THE STRUCTURE OF BIRD COMMUNITY IN XISHUANGBANNA FOREST

This study was mostly for Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforests which disturbed by both deforestation and hunting. Some big tree dieback are due to trunk damaged. One apparent result of environmental change is that numbers of species and individuals of dirds are reduced dramatically. Many of these birds arc trunk specialists which can forage pests in trunk, such as woodpeckers could have played a part in controlling trunk damaged. The progresion of come tree dieback is associated with a progressive loss of birds both of species and individuals and trunk pests ramped. Many of big birds are suffering badly from hunting, however, the litte birds that mostly insectivorous are fortunate. A wide range of foliage insects are eaten by these birds, so that Xishuangbanna seasonal rainforests did not happen serious defoliation damage by insects. Levels of herbivory, judged from the proportion of areas of leaves in litterfall eaten by invertebrates was 16.4% which was a high as those in other tropical forests. Birds thus have the potential to influence insect population, and management to overcome tree dieback should provide habitat for birds, do not continually deforest, and we should pay more a attention to protect birds from hunting in Xishuangbanna,