转几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶基因水稻对土壤三种弹尾目昆虫和一种环节动物的影响

采用 3个试验研究转几丁质酶和苜蓿 1,3- β -葡聚糖酶双价基因水稻对土壤弹尾目昆虫和环节动物线蚓的影响。①平皿实验 :观察弹尾目与转基因水稻组织间的营养关系及其在无土壤情况下对弹尾目昆虫繁殖率的短期影响 ;②土壤 -植物残留物单物种微宇宙试验 :观察土壤中不同转基因水稻组织含量对土壤动物繁殖率的短期影响 ;③土壤 -植物残留物多物种微宇宙试验 :模拟大田状况 ,观察多物种共存较长时间后转基因水稻对土壤动物密度的影响。结果表明 :Folsomiacandida取食新鲜转基因水稻叶片和根组织 2 1d后 ,繁殖率比野生型水稻组分别降低 4 5 1% (F1,8=9 9,P <0 0 5 )和 30 5 % (F1,8=5 8,P <0 0 5 ) ;在掺有转基因水稻组织 (30g/kg)的土壤中 ,F .candida 2 1d后的繁殖率比野生型水稻组下降 19 3% (F3 ,16=3 6 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;在掺有转基因水稻组织土壤 (30g/kg)的多物种实验中 ,转基因水稻组中的F .candida、Enchytraeuscrypticus16周后的密度比野生型水稻组分别降低 19 4 % (F1,48=6 8,P <0 0 5 )和 38 0 % (F1,48=6 4 2 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,而Sinellacurviseta的密度升高 84 8% (F1,48=6 4 2 ,P <0 0 0 1)。因此 ,转几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶双价基因水稻对土壤弹尾目和线蚓都是有影响的 ,对某些种类表现

Effects of Chitanase and Glucanase Transgenic Rice on Three Species of Soil Collembola and One Species of Annelida

Effects of transgenic rice with simultaneously constitutive expression of chitinase (RCH10) and glucanase (Glu) on soil collembolan Folsomia candida,Folsomia fimetaria and Sinella curviseta,and enchytraedes Enchytraeus crypticus were studied.Both transgenic and non-transgenic materials of fresh seedling or dry mature rice were used in three experimental systems:Petri dishes,soil-litter microcosms for single species tests and soil-litter mesocosms for multispecies tests.The results showed:1)After 21 day exposure to the seeding materials in Petri dishes,the reproduction of F.candida fed with transgenic leaves and roots was significantly reduced by 45.5% (P<0.05) and 30.5% (P<0.05),respectively,compared to the control non-transgenic wild rice seedlings;2)After 21 day exposure in soil-litter microcosms,there was a weak reduction by 19.3% (P<0.05) of the reproduction of F.candida by transgenic mature dried residues in amounts corresponding to 30 g plant material kg-1] soil;3)After 16 week incubation in soil-litter mesocosms,the reproduction of F.candida was significantly reduced by 19.4% by transgenic rice residues corresponding to the concentration of 30 g/kg soil;likewise,the reproduction of enchytrade E.crypticus was significantly reduced by 38.0%.On the contrary,however,the reproduction of S.curviseta was significantly increased by 84.8%.As for the pesticide positive control experiment,reproduction of F.candida was reduced linearly with concentration of the pesticide.Consequently,the transgenic rice influences reproduction or density of both soil Collembola and enchytraedes,but with decreasing for some species while increasing for other species in density.