我国苹果属资源现代分布调查初报

种质资源是农业生物资源的重要组成部分。我国是苹果属植物的起源演化中心之一,加强我国苹果种质资源调查与收集,可以丰富我国苹果资源保存的多样性。国家果树种质苹果圃于2005-2016年开展了我国西北、华北、西南、东北和华东苹果属植物集中分布地区的调查和收集,旨在进一步摸清家底,扩展我国苹果属种质资源的保存类型和数量,为保护利用及科学研究提供基础资料。调查结果表明:我国苹果属种质资源类型多样,分布广泛,新收集资源621份,西北、西南和东北地区的苹果野生种资源丰富,地方品种少量分布;华北地区以地方品种为主,野生种类型较少。目前野生资源集中分布面积逐年减少,由先前的大范围散落分布逐渐转变为小面积集中分布;地方品种面临的问题较多,砍伐频发,流失严重。以连续11年的苹果属种质资源调查为依据,提出苹果资源收集保存面临的问题,并提出建议。

Preliminary investigation of modern distribution of Malus resources in China

Germplasm resources are important part of agricultural biology; China is one of the biggest origins and evolution center of Malus genus, it will enrich the diversity of Malus germplasm resources in China, if it strengthens the investigation and collection of Malus germplasm resources. To find out the distribution of Malus germplasm resource, expand number and types of Malus germplasm resources, and provide basic reference for the protection and scientific research, National Apple Germplasm Repository investigated the Malus germplasm resources in Northwest China, North China, Southwest China, Northeast China and East China during 2005-2016. The results showed that there were various types of Malus germplasm resources in China, which are distributed widely, 621 Malus germplasm resources were collected, the wild species were abundant in Northwest China, Southwest China and Northeast China, where has less apple landraces. The Malus germplasm resources in North China were dominated by apple landrace and the wild species were less. The current problem of wild species is the distribution area decreased year by year, from the previous large-scale scattered distribution gradually transformed concentrated distribution in small areas; apple landraces are facing the problem of frequent cutting, serious loss. The problems of protection and utilization were initially proposed based on the survey of Malus germplasm resources for consecutive 11 years.