苹果四倍体品种天星的花粉形态及胚囊发育特征研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜( LSCM)技术对二倍体富士苹果及其四倍体芽变品种天星的花粉性状及胚胎发育特征进行了观察与研究,结果表明:四倍体天星品种的畸形花粉率为10.27％,明显高于富士,花粉萌发率低,为62.42％.2个品种的花粉粒大部分侧面观为长椭圆形,具3沟型萌发孔沟,两极端形状宽而平整,极面观为三角形,但四倍体天星的花粉粒的极轴长和赤道轴长均大于二倍体富士,但P/E值小,差异显著,其花粉粒形状不及二倍体富士规则且饱满程度也低.四倍体天星的花粉表面为纵向条状纹饰,有少量分叉和穿孔,花粉外壁略显粗糙,不如二倍体富士的外壁光滑.天星和富士均为蓼型胚囊,二者均存在异常胚囊现象,天星的异常胚囊现象包括极核位置异常、极核数目异常、卵器结构异常、胚囊内有多个发育滞后的细胞等；而在富士中仅发现少数胚囊结构不完整的现象.

Pollen Characteristic and Embryonic Development of Tensei Apple

The pollen characteristics and embryonic development of Fuji(2x)apple and its bud mutation Tensei(4x),were observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM).The results showed that the rate of the abnormal pollens was 10.27%,which was lager than that of diploids.The rate of pollen germination of Tensei was 62.42%,which was lower than that of diploids.The pollens of both cultivars were 3-colporate,and the main shape was oblong and two polars of pollen were wide a...