国外大豆种质资源的基因挖掘利用现状与展望

中国已从美国和日本等22个国家引进大豆近等基因系、特殊遗传材料、大豆育成品种等2156份。经过评价已编入中国大豆品种资源目录。本文对国外引进大豆种质资源的特点及在中国研究与利用中所取得的成绩进行了总结，提出利用引进国外种质拓宽中国大豆品种遗传基础的表型和分子证据，回顾了国外种质在建立大豆抗胞囊线虫、抗疫霉根腐病、脂氧酶缺失、胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失和抗草甘膦EPSP酶等特性的鉴定体系、标记和定位重要性状（耐盐性、抗大豆花叶病、无脂氧酶、无胰蛋白酶抑制剂）基因、开展分子标记辅助背景选择研究方面发挥的重要作用。我国大豆育种的实践证明，国外种质的利用促进了中国大豆新品种产量的增长、品质的改进和抗性的提高。因此，今后重视国外种质资源的有目的性的引进．加强时国外种质资源的深入研究，为国外种质资源在中国大豆遗传育种学、表型组学、基因组学、蛋白组学和酶学等领域的有效利用创造条件。

Prospect and Present Statue of Gene Discovery and Utilization for Introduced Soybean Germplasm

A total of 2156 near isogenic lines,genetic stocks, modern cultivars and some other soybean accessions were introduced from 22 countries including United States,Japan etc.These introductions were evaluated for their morphological traits and documented in the Chinese Soybean Germplasm Catalogs.In this paper,the achievements of introduction utilization were summarized in order to provide information for soybean researchers and breeders.By using introductions,some methods were established for characterizations such as soybean cyst nematode resistance,photophora rot resistance,lipoxygenase deficiency,kunitz inhibitor deficiency and EPSPS transgenic gene.Marker assisted breeding tended to be start because of tagging or mapping some important genes(salt tolerance,SMV resistance,photophora rot resistance,lipoxygenase deficiency,kunitz inhibitor deficiency) and establishing background selection strategy.Some new cultivars were also developed and planted in the soybean production by using introduction in the pedigree.Therefore,it is needed to enforce introducing soybean germplasm for sustainable soybean production as while as further study on these foreign germplasm for efficiently utilization in genetics,breeding science,phenotypics,genomics,proteomics and enzymics.