我国野生樱属植物种质资源调查、收集与保护

我国是樱属植物(Cerasus Mill.)的起源中心,拥有最为丰富的野生资源。为了解和掌握我国野生樱属植物种质资源的现存分布状况、保护现状、受威胁因素等情况,2010-2015年持续对我国西部山区6个省(市)31个调查点的野生樱属植物种质资源进行了实地考察和收集。调查发现,我国野生樱属植物种质资源分布广泛,多样性丰富。但在31个调查点中,除了离城镇较远或自然保护区内的13个调查点外,其他野生樱属植物资源都是零星分布,现存资源分布量很小,约84%的调查点都处于一般保护或无保护状态,任其自生自灭,砍伐频繁,在修路或开荒过程中多会消亡。在调查过程中共收集408份种质资源叶样,进行硅胶干燥室内保存。基于对野生樱属植物种质资源的原生境状况分析,讨论了可能的受威胁因素及保护过程中存在的问题,并提出了对未来樱属植物种质资源的保护策略及开发利用建议。

Survey,Collection and Conservation of Wild Cerasus Mill.Germplasm Resources in China

China is the origin center of genus Cerasus Mill.with the most abundant wild germplasm resources.In order to clarify its current distribution,conservation status and risks,we investigated the wild Cerasus germplasm resources from 31 survey administrative towns of six provinces in west area of China from 2010 to 2015.Wild Cerasus germplasm trees were found to be widely distributed in various topographies and landforms with diversified phenotype.Unfortunately,the majority of wild Cerasus resources were distributed sporadically except the trees in 13 surveyed sites,which are growing in nature reservation protection areas and places away from cities.The quantity of genetic resources is continuously decreasing,and in-situ habituation areas are under risk due to the human activities.The trees at ca.84%of the surveyed sites are without artificial management,and the distribution scales are also decreasing.Furthermore,a total of 408 leaf samples were collected in drying in-silica gel and deposited in our laboratory.Moreover,some factors possibly associating with the endangered status of wild Cerasus resources were discussed,and solutions for the conservation and utilization of these resources were proposed.