水稻耐盐碱性生理和遗传研究进展

水稻是对盐碱中度敏感的作物,其耐盐碱性因品种、生育阶段、器官、土壤盐碱类型等而存在差异。盐碱胁迫对水稻的伤害主要表现为延迟种子发芽时间、降低发芽率、抑制生育进程、阻碍幼穗分化、推迟分蘖时间、减少分蘖数、降低产量和品质。本文论述了近年来在水稻耐盐碱生理机理、转运蛋白、遗传和数量性状位点的分子检测、分子信号传导以及基因克隆转化方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作提出了建议。

Progress of Physiology and Genetic Research on Saline-Alkaline Tolerance in Rice

Rice is one of the moderate saline-alkaline sensitiveness crops.The different kinds of varieties,growth stage,organ and soil of saline-alkaline result in the dissimilarities of saline-alkaline tolerance.When rice suffered from saline-alkaline stress,seed sprouting postponed,seeding rate decreased,growth and development inhibited,panicles initiation hindered,tillering delayed,total tillering numbers,yields and quality decreased.The recent progresses of physiological mechanism,transporter,genetic,QTL analysis based on molecular markers,molecular signal conduction,gene clone and transform for saline-alkaline tolerance in rice were reviewed,and the research direction in the future was discussed.