雨雪冰冻灾害对南岭蝴蝶资源的影响

南岭国家级自然保护区巳发现蝴蝶442种,其中不乏有中国分布新纪录和新种。常绿阔叶林中有蝴蝶339种,山地常绿针阔叶林中有蝴蝶369种,山顶常绿阔叶苔藓矮林中有蝴蝶71种;这些蝶类属东洋区的有360种,占总数的81.45%;属古北区的有48种,占总数的10.86%;跨区系分布的有34种,占总数的7.69%;南岭蝶类与福建省蝶类相似百分率高达77.27%,说明两地有共同的起源与演化过程。2008年初的雨雪冰冻灾害使南岭海拨500～1000m森林生态遭受严重破坏,各种蝴蝶在林中的种群密度骤降,海拨700～800m的蝶类仅为海拨1100～1200m冻害较轻林地蝶类数量的23%;整个林区蝶类的种群密度极低,与常年相比,降低率约为90%。凤蝶科的种群在调查地段发现的只占常年见到的37.5%。

Effect of the 2008 ice storm on the butterfly resources in Nanling area of China

442 species of butterflies have been found in Nanling National Nature Reserve, some of which are new records and new species in China. For them, 339 species inhabite in evergreen broad-leaved forest; 369 species in mountain evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, and 71 species in mountain top mossy evergreen broad-leaved forest. The numbers of butterflies belonging to the Oriental region, the Palearctic region and spreading in different flora are 360, 48 and 34, or accounting for 81.45%, 10.86% and 7.69% of the total, respectively. The butterfly fauna in Nanling is very similar with that in Fujian province, sharing 77.27%, indicting that these butterflies in those two sites have the same origin and evolutionary process. In Feb., 2008,the ice storm caused severe damages to the forest ecological systems of Nanling located from 500 to 1 000 m above the sea level. The population density of all kinds of butterfly decreased badly. The number of butterflies living in forests from 700 to 800 m above the sea level represented only 23 percent of which from 1 100 to 1 200 m above the sea level. Generally, the population density of all kinds of butterfly was really low; the decreasing rate was about 90% compared with the past years. The number of Papilionidae population in the surveyed sites was only 37.5% of that found in the past common years.