诱集植物在农业中的应用研究进展与展望

全世界每年因病虫害导致严重的农业经济损失, 为了减少病虫害的发生, 实际生产中通常使用大量化学农药, 然而农药的大量施用, 不仅造成环境污染和农产品安全问题, 还会使病虫害产生抗药性, 天敌种群受损, 从而导致病虫害爆发日益严重。种植诱集植物是一种环境友好型病虫害防控方法, 该方法主要是通过诱集植物吸引虫害和降低病害, 从而减少病虫害对主栽作物的危害, 达到保护主栽作物的目的, 最终减少农业上化学农药的使用。根据诱集植物自身特性, 将其分为五种主导作用类型: 传统诱集植物、致死型诱集植物、基因工程型诱集植物、生物辅助控制型诱集植物、化学信息素辅助作用型诱集植物等, 根据种植和利用方式, 将其分为: 围种诱集、间种诱集、连作诱集、与其它方式结合等。尽管关于诱集植物的研究已有近160年历史, 但有关高效诱集植物的筛选、诱集植物与主栽作物的优化配置模式与配套种植技术、诱集植物对靶标病虫害的作用机理、诱集植物在农业生产中的生态风险评估等仍不清楚, 且诱集植物仍具有较大开发潜力和应用价值, 如(1)开发应用诱集植物的环境污染修复功能及相关技术; (2)开发应用诱集植物的景观生态与休闲旅游功能及相关技术; (3)开发利用诱集植物对土壤的养分转化与固持提升功能(如固氮、固碳、固土功能等)、生物质能源功能、节能减排功能及相关技术; (4)开发应用诱集植物及其废弃物的经济产品功能及其可持续生产技术。论文综述了近年来国内外有关诱集植物的相关研究与实践应用, 旨在为诱集植物在农业生产中进行病虫害防治研究和应用提供相关参考。

Review of research and application of trap crops in agriculture

Plant diseases and pests has resulted in serious economic loss in agriculture worldwide each year.In order to control pests and reduce damages,chemical pesticides have been applied during agricultural practices.However,inappropriate utilization of chemicals would cause environmental pollution and agro-product safety issues;in the meantime,it can also enhance pest's resistance to pesticides,and kill natural enemies,finally further result in more serious outbreak of pests and diseases.Planting trap crops is an environmentally friendly method for preventing and controlling pests,which can attract pests and insects from main crops and therefore reduces the outbreaks of the diseases,insects,and pests to main crops as well as the application of chemical pesticides.Based on the characteristics,trap crops can be classified into following five types:the conventional trap crops,lethal(dead-end)trap crops,genetic engineering trap crops,bio-assisted trap crops,and semio-chemically assisted trap crops.According to the planting and utilization methods,the trap crops can be used for the perimeter plantation,interplanting,continuous cropping,and combination with other methods.Although research on trap crops has nearly 160 years of history,the efficient screening,optimized allocation pattern,matching planting technology of trap crops and main crops,a complete set of cultivation techniques,the effect mechanism of trap crops on target pests,trap crops in ecological risk assessment of agricultural production and so on are still unclear.Trap crops have great development potential and application value in the following aspects:(1)developing and applying trap crop for environmental pollution remediation functions and related technology;(2)developing and applying the landscape eco-tourism functions and related technologies of attractant plants;(3)developing and utilizing the nutrient transformation and retention improvement functions(nitrogen sequestration,carbon sequestration,soil fixation,etc.),biomass energy function,energy saving and emission reduction function and related technologies of trap crops;(4)developing and applying economic products and sustainable production technologies of trap crops and their wastes.In this paper,the research and application of trap crops in recent years were reviewed to provide a reference for pest control in agricultural production.