Lhc proteins and the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting function by xanthophylls |
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Authors: | Bassi Roberto Caffarri Stefano |
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Institution: | (1) Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;(2) Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy |
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Abstract: | Photoprotection of the chloroplast is an important component of abiotic stress resistance in plants. Carotenoids have a central
role in photoprotection. We review here the recent evidence, derived mainly from in vitro reconstitution of recombinant Lhc proteins with different carotenoids and from carotenoid biosynthesis mutants, for the existence
of different mechanisms of photoprotection and regulation based on xanthophyll binding to Lhc proteins into multiple sites
and the exchange of chromophores between different Lhc proteins during exposure of plants to high light stress and the operation
of the xanthophyll cycle. The use of recombinant Lhc proteins has revealed up to four binding sites in members of Lhc families
with distinct selectivity for xanthophyll species which are here hypothesised to have different functions. Site L1 is selective
for lutein and is here proposed to be essential for catalysing the protection from singlet oxygen by quenching chlorophyll
triplets. Site L2 and N1 are here proposed to act as allosteric sites involved in the regulation of chlorophyll singlet excited
states by exchanging ligand during the operation of the xanthophyll cycle. Site V1 of the major antenna complex LHC II is
here hypothesised to be a deposit for readily available substrate for violaxanthin de-epoxidase rather than a light harvesting
pigment. Moreover, xanthophylls bound to Lhc proteins can be released into the lipid bilayer where they contribute to the
scavenging of reactive oxygen species produced in excess light.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | carotenoids chlorophylls Lhc protein family NPQ photoprotection xanthophyll cycle |
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