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1.
The influence of low temperature on the operation of the xanthophyll cycle and energy dissipation activity, as ascertained through measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, was examined in two broad-leaved evergreen species, Vinca minor L. and Euonymus kiautschovicus Loessner. In leaves examined under laboratory conditions, energy dissipation activity developed more slowly at lower leaf temperatures, but the final, steady-state level of such activity was greater at lower temperatures where the rate of energy utilization (through photosynthetic electron transport) was much lower. The rate at which energy dissipation activity increased was similar to that of the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zea-xanthin at different temperatures. However, leaves in the field examined prior to sunrise on mornings following cold days and nights exhibited a retention of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin that was associated with sustained decreases in photosystem II efficiency. We therefore suggest that this phenomenon of ‘photoinhibition’ in response to light and cold temperatures during the winter results from sustained photoprotective thermal energy dissipation associated with the xanthophyll cycle. Such retention of the de-epoxidized components of the xanthophyll cycle responded to day-to-day changes in temperature, being greatest on the coldest mornings (when photoprotective energy dissipation might be most required) and less on warmer mornings when photosynthesis could presumably proceed at higher rates. 相似文献
2.
3.
Charles D. Howes 《Phytochemistry》1974,13(8):1469-1471
Nicotine inhibits carotenoid cyclization in greening cucurbit cotyledons resulting in the accumulation of acyclic and monocyclic carotenes. Chlorophyll synthesis is also inhibited by the alkaloid. 相似文献
4.
Two weeks old maize (Zea mays L. cv. XL-72.3) plants were submitted to 0 to 81 g m-3 Al for 20 d in a growth medium of low
ionic strength. The increasing Al concentrations sharply increased chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations. The rates of photosystem
2 activities (H2O→DCPIP and DPC→DCPIP) increased at 9 g(Al) m-3 but at higher Al doses they decreased again. A slight decrease
of qE and qN coupled to an increase of qP was also observed until the 27 g m-3 Al. The Al-induced decline in cytochrome (cyt)
b contents per Chl unit was parallel for the b559LP and cyt b559HP forms, but on a leaf area basis more or less opposite trend
in both these cyt forms was observed. Increased Al concentrations also decreased carotene and zeaxanthin contents.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Marion Mehlis Ingolf P. Rick Theo C. M. Bakker 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2015,282(1817)
In polyandrous mating systems, male reproductive success depends on both mate-acquisition traits (precopulatory) and sperm competitive abilities (postcopulatory). Empirical data on the interaction between these traits are inconsistent; revealing positive, negative or no relationships. It is generally expected that the investment in pre- and postcopulatory traits is mediated by environmental conditions. To test how dietary resource availability affects sexual ornamentation, sperm quality and their interrelationship in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), full-sibling groups were raised under three conditions differing in food quantity and/or quality (i.e. carotenoid content): (i) high-quantity/high-quality, (ii) high-quantity/low-quality or (iii) low-quantity/low-quality. After 1 year of feeding, food-restricted males developed a more intense breeding coloration and faster sperm compared with their well-fed brothers, indicating that they allocated relatively more in pre- and postcopulatory traits. Moreover, they outcompeted their well-fed, carotenoid-supplemented brothers in sperm competition trials with equal numbers of competing sperm, suggesting that food-restricted males maximize their present reproductive success. This may result in reduced future reproductive opportunities as food-restricted males suffered from a higher mortality, had an overall reduced body size, and sperm number available for fertilization. In accordance with theory, a trade-off between the investment in pre- and postcopulatory traits was observed in food-restricted males, whereas well-fed males were able to allocate to both traits resulting in a significantly positive relationship. 相似文献
6.
Seed coat carotenoids of Dioon, Encephelartos, Macrozamia and Zamia with ranges in Africa, the West Indies, Australia and Mexico are simple mixtures which conform to the theoretical primitive angiosperm “magnolian pattern”. Lycopene is the principal pigment of Zamia while Encephelartos, Dioon and Macrozamia coats contain a mixture of the unsubstituted, mono-and di-hydroxy-β-carotenes. The evolutionary significance of these results is discussed. 相似文献
7.
8.
The present work was focused on abscisic acid (ABA) changes in three differently coloured petunias during flower development
and senescence. The ABA content was studied in correlation with changes of flower pigments and other phytohormones. The variations
of anthocyanins and endogenous hormones were induced by treatments with 1 or 2 mM amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA), 50, 100 μM thidiazuron
(TDZ) and 50 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). ABA content decreased during bud development and increased during senescence. The AOA
reduced the anthocyanins content and avoided ABA increase, while the cytokinins (BA and TDZ) did not significantly affected
anthocyanin contents but increased ABA content. TDZ doubled the ABA content compared to the control. However, the treatments
did not affected flower life, confirming the secondary role of ABA during flower senescence. 相似文献
9.
Twenty breadfruit cultivars growing in afield genebank at Kahanu Garden, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hana, Maui, Hawaii,
were evaluated for sensory attributes and nutrient composition. A taste panel scored eight flavor/aroma attributes, five textural
attributes, and color. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in aroma, visual texture, flavor intensity, sweetness,
starchiness, moistness, stringiness, firmness, and color. The greatest differences were in color and texture. Nutrient analyses
showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for energy, carbohydrates, ash, crude protein, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron,
copper, and zinc. Considering the versatility of breadfruit as a food, its ease of production, and its nutritional value,
the numerous good quality flavorful cultivars available should be more widely grown for sustainable agriculture and food security. 相似文献
10.
Yonghai Liu Le Yu Jianhua Tong Junhui Ding Ruozhong Wang Yusheng Lu Langtao Xiao 《Journal of plant physiology》2013
The tiller of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which determines the panicle number per plant, is an important agronomic trait for grain production. Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a major plant antioxidant that serves many functions in plants. l-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of Asc biosynthesis in plants. Here we show that the GLDH-suppressed transgenic rices, GI-1 and GI-2, which have constitutively low (between 30% and 50%) leaf Asc content compared with the wild-type plants, exhibit a significantly reduced tiller number. Moreover, lower growth rate and plant height were observed in the Asc-deficient plants relative to the trait values of the wild-type plants at different tillering stages. Further examination showed that the deficiency of Asc resulted in a higher lipid peroxidation, a loss of chlorophyll, a loss of carotenoids, and a lower rate of CO2 assimilation. In addition, the level of abscisic acid was higher in GI-1 plants, while the level of jasmonic acid was higher in GI-1 and GI-2 plants at different tillering stages. The results we presented here indicated that Asc deficiency was likely responsible for the promotion of premature senescence, which was accompanied by a marked decrease in photosynthesis. These observations support the conclusion that the deficiency of Asc alters the tiller number in the GLDH-suppressed transgenics through promoting premature senescence and changing phytohormones related to senescence. 相似文献