西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林林冠的持水能力

基于2003～2004年的实验室和野外实测数据，采用尺度上推法对西双版纳地区热带季节雨林和橡胶林林冠持水能力进行了研究.结果表明,热带季节雨林林冠持水 能力为0.45～0.79 mm、橡胶林为0.48～0.71 mm,其中林冠木质部分（枝和树皮）的持水能力占较大优势；雾凉季（11月至翌年2月）和干热季（3～4月）的 林冠持水能力高于雨季（5～10月）；林冠各部分达到饱和所需的时间为叶（5 min）＜树皮（2～3 h）＜枝（2.5～4 h）.对两种林分林冠各部分在浸水/风干过程 的分析结果表明,叶易吸水和风干,在历时较短的降雨事件中是林冠截留的主体,在林地中,面积指数较大的枝和树皮吸水和风干较难,在强度大、历时长的降雨事件中可 以较好地发挥截留作用.与橡胶林相比,热带季节雨林林冠持水能力虽较小,但是其多层林冠结构林冠持水能力较强.

Canopy rainfall storage capacity of tropical seasonal rainforest and rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna

Based on the 2003-2004 laboratory and field observation data, and with scaling-up method, this paper studied the canopy rainfall storage capacity of tropical seasonal rainforest and rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna. The results showed that the canopy rainfall storage capacity was 0.45-0.79 mm for tropical seasonal rainforest and 0.48-0.71 mm for rubber plantation, and that of the branch and bark accounted for >50 % of the total. For these two forests, the canopy rainfall storage capacity was much higher in foggy season (from November to February) and dry-hot season (from March to April) than in rainy season (from May to October), and the duration needed to reach water saturation was about 5 min for leaf, 2-3 h for bark, and 2. 5-4 h for branch. During the processes of wetting and air-drying, leaf was easier while branch and bark were somewhat difficult to hold water and then be air-dried, suggesting that leaf played an important role in intercepting rainfall in short-duration rainfall events, while branch and bark could work much better in doing this in long-duration or high-intensity rainfall events. Compared with rubber plantation, tropical seasonal rainforest had a stronger rainfall-storage capacity due to its multi-layer structure of canopy and excellent water-holding performance.