黑龙江省二龙山水库流域景观生态评价与规划研究

从景观生态学的基本理论出发，采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术，借助于大型统计分析软件包SPSS中的主成分分析和空间系统聚类分析方法，对黑龙江省二龙山水库流域的景观生态环境进行了定量分析与评价，获得了4个景观生态评价类型．其中，良好状态的景观生态类型占全流域面积的比重最大，为36％，一般状态次之，为31％；较差状态和理想状态分别为17％和16％．并按景观空间生态结构，将全流域规划与设计为3个景观功能区，即农业景观功能区，其景观过程以作物生产为主，发展方向为兼顾经济、生态和社会多种效益的生态农业、观光农业和高效农业；生态环境保护功能区，其景观过程以水土流失、植被覆盖减少等退化过程为主，主要执行生态环境保护功能，大力发展水土保持林，努力提高植被覆盖率，是本区发展利用的方向；森林景观功能区，森林资源的合理采伐利用、林种的空间优化配置、森林的抚育以及天然林的保护成为该区发展的主要方向．

Landscape ecological assessment and planning in the watershed of Erlong Mountain reservoir in Heilongjiang Province

Based on the theories of landscape ecology, the landscape eco-environment in the watershed of Erlong Mountain reservoir in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed and assessed using GIS technique and statistical model of principal component analysis and spatial cluster analysis. It was found that 100.08km2(36%)of total area was in good state,85.73 km2(31%) was in general state,and 47.26 km2(17%) and 15.48 km2(16%) was in relative poor and ideal states,respectively.According to the landscape ecological structure,three landscape functional areas were designed as agricultural area,the developmental direction of which was eco-agriculture,tour agriculture and high-benefit agriculture;eco-environment protection area,the development direction of which was develop soil and water conservation forest; and area for increasing vegetation cover,the developmental direction of which was rational cut and utilization of forest resources, spatial optimization disposal of forest type, and protection of wildwood.