日光温室地面覆盖对嫁接与未嫁接黄瓜生长发育、产量及土壤环境的影响

研究了秸秆、地膜和秸秆+地膜覆盖对日光温室嫁接与未嫁接黄瓜生长发育、产量及土壤环境的影响.结果表明,地面覆盖不仅能促进雌花分化、缩短成瓜时间、增加单瓜重、提高黄瓜产量,而且能降低畸形瓜比例,提高产品的商品性.其中以覆盖秸秆+地膜作用最明显、增产幅度最大,覆盖秸秆和覆盖地膜次之;嫁接黄瓜的处理效果优于未嫁接黄瓜.此外,地面覆盖对土壤环境也具有重要影响,但不同处理之间差异较大.地温日变化呈单峰曲线, 5cm、10 cm地温的波峰出现在14:30,随着土层的加深而波峰推迟出现,峰值也逐渐减小.秸秆覆盖具有降低最高地温和提高最低地温的作用,使土壤温度保持相对稳定;地膜覆盖对最高地温的增幅最大、对最低地温的增幅最小,从而使地温变幅最大;秸秆+地膜覆盖既增温又保温.地面覆盖的土壤呼吸速率均显著高于对照(P＜0.01),并以秸秆+地膜覆盖的土壤呼吸速率最高,地膜覆盖与秸秆覆盖次之,土壤呼吸速率日变化也呈单峰曲线,与 5cm、10 cm地温日变化趋势一致,峰值出现在14:30左右,土壤呼吸速率与 5cm、10 cm地温达显著或极显著相关.秸秆覆盖与秸秆+地膜覆盖的0～20 cm土层土壤容重显著小于地膜覆盖与对照(P＜0.01),地膜覆盖的土壤容重略小于对照,随着土层的加深,各处理间土壤容重差异渐小.

Effects of soil surface mulching on solar greenhouse grafted and own-rooted cucumber growth and soil environment

The study on the effects of different soil surface mulching models, including wheat straw mulching (WS), plastic film mulching (PF), and wheat straw plus plastic film mulching (WP), on the growth of solar greenhouse grafted and own-rooted cucumber and on soil environment showed that soil surface mulching not only increased the individuals of pistillate flower, improved its differentiation and development, shortened fruit-developing period, increased fruit weight, reduced fruit malformation percentage, but also raised total yield. Among the test mulching models, WP was better than WS and PF, and the effects were superior on grafted than on own-rooted cucumber. Soil surface mulching also had considerable effects on soil environment, but the effects varied with different modules. For example, under field condition, the diurnal change of soil temperature was a single-peak curve, with its peak higher and appeared at 14:30 in 5 cm and 10 cm soil depth, but lower and appeared later in deeper soil layers. In this study, WS lowered the maximum soil temperature and raised the minimum soil temperature, making soil temperature quite stable, while PF raised the maximum soil temperature much higher and enhanced the minimum soil temperature less than WS and WP, making the largest variation range of soil temperature. WP played a role of raising soil temperature and kept it stable. Similar to the diurnal change of soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth, that of soil respiration rate was also a single-peak curve. The soil respiration rate in all treatmentg was significantly higher than that of CK, and WP had a higher soil respiration rate than PF and WS. There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth. By the end of the experiment, soil bulk density at the depth of 0-20 cm was measured, which was significantly lower in WS and WP than in CK and PF. The difference in soil bulk density was gradually inconspicuous with soil layer deepened.