古茶园、台地茶园遗传多样性的AFLP分析

采用AFLP-毛细管电泳法对云南省西双版纳地区4个有代表性的古茶园和 2个台地茶园(阿萨姆茶Camellia sinensis var. assamica)进行遗传多样性分析。研究表明: 阿萨姆茶变种水平的遗传多样性为: P = 92.31%, 期望杂合度He = 0.1366, Shannon多样性指数Ho = 0.2323; 古茶园居群水平是45.55％, 勐腊居群最高P = 59.11％, 勐宋居群变异度最低P = 36.44％; 而台地茶中, 有性系勐海大叶群体种P = 35.02%, 无性系云抗10号则非常低P = 13.77%, 台地茶居群水平是24.2%; 古茶园和台地茶遗传多样性相差很大, 依次是古茶园>有性系台地茶>无性系台地茶。研究还发现古茶园与台地茶园之间, 南糯山居群、勐腊易武居群与其他居群间存在多条特异谱带, 可作为南糯山居群和勐腊易武居群的分子指纹图谱, 应用于这两个居群所产晒青毛茶的鉴别。

Genetic diversity of ancient tea gardens and tableland tea gar-dens from Yunnan Province as revealed by AFLP marker

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among the plants of four ancient tea gardens and two tableland tea gardens form Yunnan Province, China by AFLP technique. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of the plants from six tea gardens was 92.31%. The genetic diversity within the six gardens demonstrated by Nei¢s genetic diversity (He) was estimated to be 0.1366, while Shannon indices (Ho) were 0.2323. The percentage of polymorphic loci of the four ancient tea populations was 45.55% on average, with a range of 36.44% (Mengsong) to 59.11% (Mengla). But the percentages of polymorphic loci of the plants from two tableland gardens were 13.77% (Yunkang 10) and 24.2% (Menghai Daye), respectively. There was a great genetic difference between ancient tea gardens and tableland tea gardens. The genetic diversity among the plants of the ancient tea garden was higher than those of the sexual tableland tea garden and the clone tableland tea garden based on P valve. The four ancient tea gardens and two tableland gardens could be differentiated with AFLP markers. The results show that AFLP marker is an effective tool in the discrimination of tea germplasm, as well as sundried green tea.