Infant stumptailed macaques reared with mirrors or peers: Social responsiveness,attachment, and adjustment |
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Authors: | James R Anderson Arnold S Chamove |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, Scotland |
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Abstract: | Comparisons of activity toward mirrors and peers in infant macaques being reared with one of these stimuli as the primary
rearing partner revealed markedly greater social responsiveness to a fully accessible cagemate than to one's own reflection.
Measures of exploration, aggression, and especially play all revealed the cagemate to be the more potent social stimulus.
Mirror-reared infants given additional experience of a live peer behind a transparent partition were less responsive to the
mirror than were infants with no social stimulation other than a mirror. In contrast, cagemate-directed behavior of peer-reared
infants was not seriously affected by additional exposure to a mirror. A fully accessible peer also elicited more social responding
than a peer behind a transparent partition, and infants with experience of both a live cagemate and mirrors were generally
more responsive toward the former. Greater agitation in peer-reared than in mirror-reared stumptailed monkeys during separations
from their rearing partners suggests that exposure to the physically accessible partner led to stronger attachments. Infants
reacted positively to a moderately unfamiliar environment but showed behavioral disruption when placed in a very unfamiliar
environment. Disruption was especially evident in peer-reared infants, in which exposure to the unfamiliar environment was
compounded with the absence of the attachment figure. Mirror-rearing appeared to reduce the tendency toward ‘isolation syndrome’
behaviors compared to alone-rearing, and these behaviors appear to be less common in stumptailed than in rhesus macaques. |
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Keywords: | Monkeys Social development Attachment Mirror Contact |
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