基于“三类分区框架”的黄河流域生物多样性保护策略

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已上升为重大国家战略, 研究黄河流域的生物多样性保护策略具有重要意义。本文将“为实现生物多样性保护和可持续利用的全球三类分区”实施框架(简称“三类分区框架”)应用于黄河流域。该框架将国土空间分为城市与农田(C1景观)、共享景观(C2景观)和大面积荒野(C3景观)三类分区。基于该框架, 首先描述了黄河流域三类分区的空间格局; 进而基于文献研究, 识别了黄河流域三类分区中5类生物多样性的直接威胁因素, 包括栖息地丧失和退化、气候变化、污染、过度开发与不可持续的利用和外来物种入侵; 最后以系统性的思路从国土空间规划、自然保护地、生态城市、生态农业、生态工程和河流生态系统6个方面, 提出黄河流域的生物多样性保护策略。本文的分析框架也有潜力应用于其他区域的生物多样性保护策略研究。

Biodiversity conservation strategies for the Yellow River basin based on the Three Conditions Framework

Ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin have become national focuses for China. Therefore, it is important to study the biodiversity conservation strategies for the Yellow River basin. This paper utilizes the implementation framework of “Three Global Conditions for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use”, which divides all landscapes into three categories: cities and farms (C1 landscapes), shared lands (C2 landscapes), and large wild areas (C3 landscapes). This framework considers biodiversity conservation for all landscapes and is conducive for the implementation of conservation strategies. Here, we apply the three conditions framework to China on a regional scale. We first analyze the spatial pattern of the three conditions in the Yellow River basin. We then identify the direct threats to biodiversity in this region based on a literature review. Finally, we put forward some possible systematic biodiversity conservation strategies for this region.