自然保护区的缓冲区:模式、功能及规划原则

自然保护区是就地保护生物多样性的途径，然而在实践中逐渐暴露出了一些保护区设计方面的问题，其中最严重的是自然保护区与非自然保护区之间的过渡问题。为了解决这个问题，人们提出了在自然保护区内设立缓冲区的想法。现在缓冲区已经成为自然保护区的有机组成部分，具有生态缓冲和社会缓冲两大主要功能。本文归纳了自然保护区缓冲区的定义、模式和类型，回顾了缓冲区的发展，总结了缓冲区的规划原则。最后，我们还对国内保护区缓冲区的现状进行了讨论。

Buffer zones: pattern, function and design principles

To set up nature reserves is an important approach to in situ conservation of biodiversity. However, there are many problems in the practice of designing nature reserves, and the most serious one is design of the boundaries of the nature reserves, especially those separating intensively used land from strictly protected natural areas. It is necessary to prevent the influences of human activities on the protected core areas in order to conserve the biodiversity in the reserve. To resolve the problem, establishing buffer zones in nature reserves was suggested. The idea was accepted by the Man and Biosphere (MAB) in their Biosphere Reserve Programme and was put into wide practice. Nowadays, as an integrated functional part of a nature reserve, a buffer zone has both functions of ecological buffer and social buffer. Buffer zones can not only protect from the human influences and pollutants, but also provide a migration corridor for wildlife and serve as a base for research and monitoring. In this paper, we review the definition, pattern, types and development of buffer zones, and summarize the principles for designing buffer zones. Finally, we discuss the current circumstances of buffer zones in our country.