Beta声学指数的特征和应用

随着录音设备性能的提高和硬件价格的降低,基于录音评估声景来反映生境特征和生物多样性的方法得到快速发展。声学指数是对声音整体特征的量化,受到录音生境和生物组成的共同影响,因此可构建声学指数与生境特征和生物组成的关联。按照作用的尺度,声学指数可分为两类:反映录音内信息的alpha声学指数和比较不同录音之间差异的beta声学指数。随着录音设备的普及,以及在大尺度上进行生物监测工作的增加,对不同时间、不同地点的录音进行比较的需求日益迫切。因此,beta声学指数的开发和应用是声学指数研究的重要方向。本文介绍了11个常用的beta声学指数,并探讨了这些指数的数学特征(非负性、同一性、对称性、直递性、有限性)。本文还通过文献检索获取了beta声学指数在实证中的应用情况,发现研究中常使用beta声学指数反映时间节律、生境特征的差异或生物组成的改变。最后,本文指出了beta声学指数研究/应用中迫切需要发展的3个方向:开发新的指数、优化已有指数的计算方式、增加实证研究。

Characteristics and applications of beta acoustic indices

Background & Aims: In recent years, with recording equipment becoming more accessible to researchers through improved performance and reduced prices, habitat and biodiversity assessment conducted through audio recording has developed rapidly. An acoustic index is the quantification of the overall characteristics of sound, which is influenced by both the habitat characteristics and the composition and abundance of species in the study area. Therefore, there is a correlation, at least in theory, amongst acoustic indices, habitat, and biodiversity. An acoustic index can be divided into two categories: reflecting the information within the recordings and comparing the differences between different recordings, which are named an alpha acoustic index and beta acoustic index, respectively. With the increase of utilizing recording monitoring equipment in studies, the demand for comparing acoustic indices at different times and places has also increased. Therefore, the development and application of the beta acoustic index is an important direction of acoustic index research. Here, we introduced some commonly used beta acoustic indices, and explored the mathematical properties (non-negativity, self-identity, symmetry, triangle inequality, finiteness) of these indices. We also summarized applications of these beta acoustic indices by conducting a systematic literature review.