全球变化主要过程对海滨生态系统生物入侵的影响

作为海陆交错带的海滨生态系统是海洋与陆地的过渡带, 是承受全球变化及其引起海平面上升等影响最为前沿、最为重要的缓冲带, 同时又是人类活动极为频繁和强烈的地带, 因此海滨生态系统是生物入侵的高发区之一。本文在分析海滨生态系统生物入侵现状的基础上, 分析了CO₂升高、海平面上升和富营养化等全球变化过程对海滨生态系统生物入侵的影响: CO₂浓度上升改变了入侵种的竞争态势, 海平面上升调整了入侵种的空间分布格局, 而富营养化为外来入侵种的进一步拓展提供了动力。为了深入揭示全球变化对海滨生态系统生物入侵过程的潜在影响, 很有必要在阐明单因子作用机制与过程的基础上加强与其他组分的交互作用研究, 以及中、长时间尺度上的动态分析。与此同时, 生物入侵导致的海滨生态系统变化对全球变化相关过程的反馈作用研究也具有极其重要的意义。

The effects of primary process of global change on biological invasion in coastal ecosystem

Biological invasion is one of the three most intractable environmental problems. As an important component of global change, biological invasion can be influenced by the other components of global change. As the transitional zone between ocean and land, the coastal ecosystem is the most important buffer which has undergone the impact of sea level rise induced by global change. Furthermore, coastal zone, which has been suffered from frequently and intensively anthropogenic disturbance, is an ecological and environmental sensitive area, and one of the most frequently invaded ecosystems. In this paper, the effects of elevated CO₂, sea level rise and eutrophication on the process of biological invasion have been analyzed based on the invasive status of coastal ecosystem. The results indicate that elevated CO₂ disturbs the competitive balance between invasive and native species. Sea level rise adjusts the spatial pattern of invasive species and eutrophication of coastal ecosystem promotes further spread of alien species. At last, the research hotspots about interactions between global change and biological invasion in coastal ecosystem are discussed.