野生动物肇事公众责任保险发展困境与优化路径

野生动物肇事公众责任保险自开展以来, 存在着保险实施效果较差、承保机构参与不积极、保险范围难以扩大等问题, 在有效缓解人兽矛盾方面表现欠佳, 阻碍了生物多样性保护的落实与执行。本文以现阶段实施该保险的云南、西藏、浙江、四川为例梳理其应用模式, 并对具体地区的保险模式进行比较分析。研究表明, 野生动物肇事公众责任保险陷入发展困境的主要原因是产品设计不科学、财政经费不充足、政策制度不健全和保险体系不完善。建议优化保险要素设计、扩展经费来源渠道、健全配套政策法规, 建立政府主导、多方参与的中央财政补贴野生动物肇事公众责任保险体系, 该保险体系对于解决人兽冲突、支持生物多样性的保护、建立地球生命共同体具有重要的价值与意义。

Development dilemma and optimization path of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents

Background & Aim: Since the public liability insurance for wildlife accidents was launched, there have been some problems, such as poor insurance implementation effect, inactive participation of insurance institutions, and difficulty in expanding insurance coverage. It has not performed well in effectively alleviating the contradiction between humans and animals, which hinders the implementation and implementation of biodiversity protection. In order to improve the implementation effect of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents and make it play an important role in protecting biodiversity, we studied the development dilemma and optimization path of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents.
Methods: Taking Yunnan, Tibet, Zhejiang and Sichuan as examples, we clarified their application modes from the aspects of insurer, subject matter of insurance, insurance liability, insurance amount, insurance rate, subsidy mechanism, compensation standard and claim settlement procedure, compared the insurance modes to dig out the current restrictive factors in specific region.
Results: The research showed that the main constraints for the development of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents are unscientific product design, insufficient financial funds, unfit regulations and imperfect insurance systems. These constraints weaken the effect of insurance implementation, restrict the participation of insurance institutions, hinder the expansion of insurance coverage, and slow down the promotion of insurance work, which made the public liability insurance for wildlife accidents unable to protect the interests of the affected people and unable to promote the protection of biodiversity.
Suggestions & Perspective: It is of great value and significance to optimize the design of insurance elements, expand funding sources, improve supporting policies, and establish a public liability insurance system for wildlife accidents subsidized by the central government, which is led by the government and participated by many parties, to solve the conflict between humans and animals, support the protection of biodiversity, and establish a global life community.