高原裸裂尻鱼头部轮廓形状及其变异的几何形态测量分析

为了明确描述高原裸裂尻鱼的表型多样性，运用现代几何形态测量法，基于高原裸裂尻鱼头部轮廓的形态坐标数据，对其5个地理种群的样本做了定量分析。结果主要如下:①主成分分析（PCA）和典型变量分析（CVA）显示，5个地理种群的样本的变异主要位于口型特征、下吻部形状、下颌骨形状、下颌锐利角质程度和头部形状等性状。②基于主成分分析、典型变量分析和聚类分析，高原裸裂尻鱼三个亚种（班公湖亚种、玛法木湖亚种和指名亚种）相互分开，在PC1轴上从负值到正值依次排列，从而确定了高原裸裂尻鱼亚种划分的有效性。③通过形态差异的显著性检验，基于马氏距离和普氏距离分析了高原裸裂尻鱼各地理种群之间的形态变异距离，根据差异显著性将该5个地理种群的高原裸裂尻鱼分为湖泊型亚种和河流型亚种，随后的聚类分析同样支持该结果。总之，通过几何形态测量法，准确描述了高原裸裂尻鱼头部轮廓的形态多样性，按照外形的差异，将5个地理种群分为两种生态型，并推测该差异主要是由于所生活的水体环境和食物差异所造成。对高原裸裂尻鱼形态差异的识别和研究，能为其生态学研究和物种多样性保护提供相应指导，丰富微进化理论。

GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS OF THE CEPHALIC CONTOUR AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS AMONG SCHIZOPYGOPSIS STOLICZKAI (TELEOSTEI:CYPRINIDAE)

Schizopygopsis stoliczkai, belongs to family Cyprinidae, distributes in the lakes and rivers in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. The morphological differences in the species are attributed to the local environments, hence identifying the variations helps to improve our understanding of micro-evolution theory and provide the guidance for the ecological and biodiversity protection. To explore the morphological diversity, we quantitatively measured the cephalic contour in Schizopygopsis stoliczkai from five different geographical populations using modern geometric morphometrics. The principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) revealed that the varia-tions among five geographical populations were mostly in the shapes of the lower part rhynchodaenm, orifice of mouth, mandible and sharp clogs. Furthermore, PCA, CVA and cluster analysis showed that the three subspecies of S. stoliczkai stoliczkai, S. stoliczkai maphamyumensis and the S. stoliczkai bangongensis were separated. The samples from each subspecies were clearly grouped together based on PC1, which strongly supported the reliability of three sub-species in S. stoliczkai. The Procrustes distance and the Mahalanobis distance suggested that five geographical popula-tions could divide into two categories:the lacustrine type and the riverine type, which supported by cluster analysis. Taken together, we profiled the morphological variations in the head of S. stoliczkai, and classified the fish into two types, which might regulate by natural resources and environment of lake and river.