不同调查方法对转基因棉田节肢动物群落构成及生物多样性的影响

【目的】明确不同生育期调查方法对棉田物种结构和生物多样性的影响,以期选择合适的生育期调查方法开展转基因棉花的安全性研究。【方法】于2016和2017年,选择2个新型转基因棉花(GGK2,N15-5)及其亲本(K312,J14)为材料,使用3种调查方法对棉田节肢动物群落进行调查:(1)在整个生育期每7 d调查一次(5月上旬—9月中下旬);(2)主要生育期调查(5月中旬、6月中旬、7月中旬、8月中旬和9月中旬)和(3)6月中旬—8月下旬期间的3个棉铃虫发生高峰期调查。计算出不同调查方法下的棉田节肢动物群落个体总数、物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势集中性指数。【结果】3种方法对物种个体总数和物种丰富度影响最大,第1种方法数值最大,第3种方法数值最小。2016年,转抗除草剂基因棉田(GGK2)与其亲本(K312)相比,3种调查方法得到的物种个体总数在节肢动物群落和害虫亚群落差异显著,其他指数无差异。此外,2016年与2017年相比,相同棉田中的多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势集中性指数均无明显差异。【结论】不同生育期调查方法仅对物种个体总数和物种丰富度有影响,而对多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势集中性指数无显著影响。因此,在转基因生物安全研究中可根据不同的研究目的选择合适的生育期开展调查。

Composition of arthropod community and diversity in transgenic cotton fields surveyed by different methods

Aim] Influences of different survey methods on community structure and biodiversity in transgenic cotton fields were determined to define the most effective survey method for arthropod community research.Method] In 2016 and 2017, we investigated the arthropod communities in two transgenic cotton (GGK2, N15-5) fields and their parental non-transgenic (K312, J14) equivalents using three survey methods:(1) investigate every 7 days during the whole growth period (early May-mid to end of September); (2) investigate in the critical growth periods only (mid May, mid June, mid July, mid August, mid September); (3) investigate three times during the peak of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera occurrence from mid June to late August. We calculated species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and Simpson dominance index.Result] We found significant differences in the total number of species and species richness surveyed by three methods with the maximum value by the first and the minimum value by the third method. In 2016, the total number of species and of arthropod community and the pest-sub community in herbicide-resistant cotton (GGK2) fields decreased significantly compared with its parental non-transgenic (K312) field surveyed by all three methods, but there was no significant difference in other indicators. In addition, there was no obvious difference on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, and Simpson index in the same cotton field between 2016 and 2017.Conclusion] The survey method had influence on the total number and the abundance of species, and had no significant effect on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index and Simpson dominance index. Therefore, we should choose the appropriate survey method according to different research purposes.