入侵生物福寿螺抗逆性的研究进展

福寿螺因具有较强的环境适应能力,在热带、亚热带地区大量繁殖,造成生态危害,被定义为恶性外来入侵物种。世界遭入侵的地区均采取了各种措施消灭福寿螺,但防治成效不大,因为其具有很强的抗逆性,如福寿螺能适应39℃的极端高温,能够忍受长达14d的干旱,抵抗pH4.5～9.4的酸碱侵蚀,并能抵抗化学药剂、细菌、寄生虫的威胁。因此,研究其抗逆性及其机制将有助于找到更有效的防治方法。本文综述了国内外有关福寿螺抗物理(低温、高温、干旱)、化学(酸碱性、药物)、生物(细菌和寄生虫、捕食者)因素的研究成果,旨在为防治福寿螺提供理论基础,也为进一步研究福寿螺的抗逆性提供参考。目前的研究表明,福寿螺的抗逆性由外界环境因子诱发,环境因子促成其生理状态,如代谢途径、糖类和氨基酸积累等的改变,这些变化由基因调控,可遗传给后代;外界环境因子还能引起福寿螺对逆境的行为适应性、调节产卵量等。

The research progress of resistance of Pomacea canaliculata

Pomacea canaliculata is defined as an invasive species, because it has a strong environmental adaptability. P. canalicula- ta blooms in tropical, subtropical regions and causes ecological damage. All regions of the world have taken various measures to e- liminate P. canaliculata but they have usually been ineffective. Because P. canaliculata has a strong resistance, it could tolerant ex- treme high temperature of 39 ~C and a long time drought of 14 days. In addition, P. canaliculata also can resist pH 4.5 -9.4 acid- base erosion and kinds of threatens of chemicals, bacteria and parasites. The article reviews relevant research on resistance or toler- ance in P. canaliculata against physical, chemical and biological factors. The environmental factors induce physiological changes in P. canaliculata, including metabolic pathways, the accumulation of sugars and amino acids. P. canaliculata can also adapt to adver- sity by behavioural changes and adjust their reproductive strategy.