5岁以下哮喘患儿血清过敏原病例对照研究及相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨5岁以下哮喘儿童与血清特异性过敏原（specific IgE，sIgE）的分布情况。方法：本研究采用免疫印迹法对 2019 年1月至 2019 年12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院住院的5岁以下62例哮喘患儿和49例喘息患儿的行血清特异性过敏原检测，对比分析5岁以下哮喘和喘息儿童过敏原分布情况及与哮喘的发病关系。结果：户尘螨、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑、蒿草、葎草、桤杨柳山毛榉橡胡桃、烟曲霉、念珠菌点青霉分枝孢霉交链孢霉黑曲霉吸入过敏原和花生黄豆、腰果开心果榛子杏仁核桃、虾蟹、桃苹果芒果荔枝草莓食物过敏原这12类过敏原在哮喘组与喘息组有显著差异（P<0.05），与哮喘发病有关。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示户尘螨、猫毛皮屑、坚果类、霉菌、水果类是哮喘发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。户尘螨、猫毛皮屑和虾蟹是男性哮喘患儿发病的危险因素，念珠菌点青霉分枝孢霉交链孢霉黑曲霉是女性哮喘患儿发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：血清特异性（sIgE）过敏原在哮喘与喘息患儿中分布不同，同时发现过敏原在哮喘患儿中存在性别差异，故对哮喘患儿进行过敏性检测可以作为回避过敏原的依据。

Case Control Study and Correlation Analysis of Serum Allergens in Children under 5 Years Old with Asthma

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the distribution of serum specific allergens (sIgE) in asthmatic children under 5 years old. Methods: The serum specific allergens of 62 asthmatic children under 5 years old and 49 asthmatic children hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi''an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to December 2019 were detected by Western blot. The distribution of allergens in asthmatic children under 5 years old and asthmatic children and their relationship with asthma were analyzed. Results: 12 kinds of allergens such as dust mite, cat''s fur, dog''s fur, Artemisia, Humulus, alder, willow, beech, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mycobacterium candidum, Alternaria alternatus, Aspergillus niger inhalation allergen, peanut, soybean, cashew, pistachio, hazelnut, almond, walnut, shrimp, crab, peach, apple, mango, litchi, strawberry food allergen were related to asthma (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dust mites, cat fur, nuts, mould and fruits were the risk factors of asthma (P<0.05). Dust mites, cat fur scraps and shrimps and crabs were the risk factors of male asthmatic children, and Aspergillus niger was the risk factor of female asthmatic children (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of serum specific (sIgE) allergens in asthmatic children were different from that in asthmatic children. At the same time, it was found that there were gender differences in allergens in asthmatic children. Therefore, the allergen detection in asthmatic children could be used as the basis for avoiding allergens.