基于物种的大尺度生物多样性热点研究方法

生物多样性热点是建立保护区、制定保护决策的依据,是生物保护研究的热点问题之一。基于物种的研究方法是大尺度陆地生物多样性热点的主要研究方法,但数据的缺乏限制了直接根据物种丰富度确定热点的方法,因此研究中经常采用其他方法间接的反映物种情况,介绍了4种主要的基于物种的替代方法:指示种、高级分类单元、环境模型和景观异质性,详细阐述了各种方法存在的利弊,并从数据的可获取性、操作的便捷性和对物种特征的反映3个方面对各种方法进行了评价。任何单一的方法都无法准确反映出生物多样性热点的真实分布。合适的研究方法是权衡研究目的、时间和资金的结果,建议选择优势互补的多种方法。

Assessment methods for territorial biodiversity hotspot based on species richness at broad scale

Biodiversity hotspot assessments provide a scientific basis for planning nature reserves and conservation measures; a popular topic in biological conservation research. Assessment methods based on species richness are most common for biodiversity hotspot research, but the applications of the methods are often limited by the shortage of species data. So, surrogate indices are introduced in the research to solve the problems arising from data limitation. Here four main surrogate methods based on species richness are introduced: indicator species, higher taxon, environment model and landscape heterogeneities. All methods were assessed from three aspects: data availability, operational convenience and the representativeness. No single method could entirely reflect species distributions realistically. A proper assessment method is one that balances research aim, time and cost. Lastly, the combinations of methods that were most complementary to each other for the three aspects considered are discussed.