自然保护区在保护生物多样性中的作用和意义

本文从理论上论述了自然保护区在生物多样性保护中的重要作用,并指出建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效措施。1.在自然保护区里,基本的生态过程和生命系统得以维持;2.自然保护区提供了物种生存和进化的场所;3.在自然保护区里,不仅能保护生存其中的已知物种;而且能保护所有的未知物种;4.在自然保护区里?能够保护足够大的种群和完整的种群结构;5.自然保护区的试验区是进行生态、遗传和进化等学科研究的理想基地。 基于野外调查的资料,本文分析了云南所建立的自然保护区在保护国家重点保护植物中的作用。云南分布有154种国家第一批重点保护植物。130余种分布于在各自然保护区中而得到了保护;第二批国家重点保护植物中的192种分布于云南,其中104种分布于各自然保护区中而得到了保护。 本文还对云南自然保护区的现状和管理状况进行了分析,指出了加强对自然保护区管理的迫切性。

THE FUNCTION AND SIGNlFICANCE OF RESERVATl0N lN THE CONSERVING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Biological diversity includes three diversities, namely ecosystem diversity,species diversity and genetic diversity. This paper focuses on the discussion of the function and significane of reserva-tion in conserving biological diversity. 1. To a certain extent, a reservation is a ecosystem with its distinctive stru-ture and function. Every species, which inhabits in reservation, is an integral partof the ecosystem and occupies a distinctive niche in ecosystem and partici-pates the process of the material circulation and energy flow. In reservation,species and its ecological environment were regarded as a whole and conserved, sothe basic ecological process and life system can last forever. 2. Every species originates, subsists, differentiates and evolves in a certainecosystem and forms an adaptability to its ecological circumstance. With thechange of ecological environment, species forms corresponding adaptability. Owingto the environmental diversity, species takes various adaptabilities and geneticdiversity. The result of differentiation and evolution is to form species diversityand ecosystem diversity. The aim of establishing reservation is to conserve not only species but also its ecological environment, therefore, all species can subsistand evolve respectively in reservation. 3. All species, including known and unknown species, which inhabit in reser-vation, can be conserved. 4. In reservation, the conserving object is the population with an amount ofindividual and integral structure, which is a basic unite of existence and evilutionof species, not individual. 5. Some studies, such as studies of genetic diversity, spec ation, stucture anddynamic state of population, etc., can be carried out in reservation. Based on the above theoretical analyses, it is confirmed that establishingreservation is one of the most effective measures of conserving biological diversity.Meanwhile, based on the field investigation of the reservations established inYunnan. It was discussed that the reservations act on conserving the endemicfloral elements and the rare and endangered plants of Yunnan in the presentpaper. 154 species (including varieties) of the first batch of China's conservingplants are distributed in Yunnan, and about 130 of which are distrubuted and havebeen conserved in the various reservations established in Yunnan. 192 speeies(including varieties) of the second batch of China's conserving piants are distributed in Yunnan, and about 104 of which are distributed and have been conservedin the various reservations. The present situation and management of reservations of Yunnan has beenanalysed in the present paper. 34 reservations have been established in Yunnan,but the standard of management of reservations is low. We consider that somemeasures, which can raise standard of managing reservation and the efficiency ofconservation, must be taken.