Preliminary study on the correlation between the trace Mn2+ and the calcite polymorph in gallstones containing calcium carbonate from the northeast China via electron spin resonance |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials in Jilin Provincial Universities, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China;2. Digestive Center, Jilin City People’s Hospital, Jilin 132001, China;3. School of Sciences, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China;4. Department of General Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China;1. Institut Charles Gerhardt, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM1-UM2, 8, rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France;2. PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris IRCP, CNRS – Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Engineering Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea;2. School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;1. King’s College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, London, UK;2. Kings College London, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, London, UK;1. Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SainBioSE, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;2. University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France;3. Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France |
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| Abstract: | Gallstones containing calcium carbonate (GCCC) from the northeast China were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electron spin resonance (ESR). The sextet signal arising from the allowed transitions of the trace Mn2+ ions in GCCC was found to be ESR-detectable and strong. The XRD technique revealed the crystal habit of calcite in GCCC. Of the three polymorphs of calcium carbonate, no calcite was present as a solitary crystallization form, accompanied by aragonite or vaterite or both. The sextet ESR signal and the (104) main XRD peak at 2θ = ～29.4° were employed as two probes to explore the relationship between trace Mn2+ and calcite. The Mn content can be considered as an indicator of the amount of calcite in GCCC because of the existence of a correlation between Mn2+ and calcite. The correlation between Mn2+ and calcite, the relation between the levels of Mn2+ and the type of gallstones, the structural preference of Mn2+ to the calcite polymorph, and the influence of dietary habits on calcite in calcium carbonate gallstones are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Gallstones X-ray diffraction Calcite Correlation Electron spin resonance |
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