反硝化聚磷菌及其脱氮除磷机理研究进展

水体富营养化是当前水环境保护工作的重点关注问题，微生物修复富营养化水体具有高效、低耗且不产生二次污染等特点，已经成为富营养化水体生态修复的一种重要方式。近年来，对反硝化聚磷菌的研究及其在污水处理工艺中的应用越来越广泛。不同于传统的反硝化细菌联合聚磷菌去除氮磷工艺，反硝化聚磷菌在交替厌氧、缺氧/好氧条件下能同时进行脱氮除磷而被广泛关注与研究。值得注意的是，近几年报道的部分微生物仅在好氧条件下就可进行同时脱氮除磷，但是其脱氮除磷机理仍未理清。基于此，文中总结了目前发现的反硝化聚磷菌和同时硝化反硝化聚磷微生物的种类及特点，并对其脱氮与除磷的关系及其机理进行了系统性分析，对目前反硝化除磷存在的问题进行了梳理，最后对今后的研究方向进行了展望，以期为完善反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机理及工艺改进提供参考。

Denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and its mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal

Water eutrophication poses great threats to protection of water environment. Microbial remediation of water eutrophication has shown high efficiency, low consumption and no secondary pollution, thus becoming an important approach for ecological remediation. In recent years, researches on denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and their application in wastewater treatment processes have received increasing attention. Different from the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus removal process conducted by denitrifying bacteria and phosphate accumulating organisms, the denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms can simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus under alternated anaerobic and anoxic/aerobic conditions. It is worth noting that microorganisms capable of simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphorus absolutely under aerobic conditions have been reported in recent years, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the species and characteristics of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms and the microorganisms capable of performing simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and phosphorous removal. Moreover, this review analyzes the relationship between nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal and the underlying mechanisms, discusses the challenges of denitrifying phosphorus removal, and prospects future research directions, with the aim to facilitate process improvement of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms.