IPBES的建立、前景及应对策略

生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学-政策平台(IPBES)是一个类似于气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的独立的政府间机构,其目标是建立科学界和决策者之间的沟通平台,推动全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的保护.从2008年11月到2010年6月,联合国环境规划署(UNEP)主持召开了三次政府间谈判会议.在最后一次会议上各国同意建立IPBES,并形成了一份《釜山成果》文件,确定其基本职能主要是开展评估,还确定IPBES的决策机构是全体会议,向联合国所有会员国和区域经济一体化组织开放,政府间组织和其他利益相关方可作为观察员.IPBES的建立将会在国际社会产生深刻的影响,但其未来走向也有一定的不确定性:一是如何保持科学独立性的问题,二是评估尺度可能会影响其成功,三是能否促进发展中国家的广泛参与.为使我国能在IPBES中发挥重要作用,建议今后应加强对IPBES运作模式的研究,加强评估工具和方法的开发以及加强生物多样性的监测.

Intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services: foundation, prospect and response strategy

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is an IPCC-liked independent intergovernmental body with the goal of establishing a platform for scientists and decision-makers to promote the conservation of global biodiversity and ecosystem services. The United Nations Environmental Program organized three intergovernmental negotiation meetings to discuss the IPBES from November 2008 to June 2010. At the third and final meeting, the representatives came to an agreement on establishment of the IPBES and initiated the Busan Outcome document. In this document, the primary mission of the IPBES was defined as assessment. The decision-making body of the IPBES should be the plenary, which should be open to participation by all member states of the United Nations and by regional economic integration organizations. Intergovernmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders should participate in the plenary as observers. The establishment of the IPBES will have a profound effect on the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the following uncertainties are associated with the IPBES: (i) it is unclear how the independence of the science will be maintained; (ii) the scales at which the assessments are conducted have not been defined; and (iii) it is not known if developing countries will become fully involved. Finally, some suggestions are given to enable China to participate in IPBES in the future. Specifically, the government should research the rules of the IPBES, improve the tools and methodologies used for assessments and strengthen biodiversity monitoring.