Archaeorhizomyces borealis sp. nov. and a sequence-based classification of related soil fungal species |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;2. School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;3. Australia National Herbarium, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;1. Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;2. INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et sécurité des aliments, CS 20032, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France;3. Aurora University, Biology Department, 347 S. Gladstone Ave., Aurora, IL 60506-4892, USA;4. Sylvan Biosciences, 198 Nolte Drive, Kittanning, PA 16201, USA;1. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, PO Box 676, 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;1. Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy;2. Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK;1. Biology Department, Macromycology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal;2. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The class Archaeorhizomycetes (Taphrinomycotina, Ascomycota) was introduced to accommodate an ancient lineage of soil-inhabiting fungi found in association with plant roots. Based on environmental sequencing data Archaeorhizomycetes may comprise a significant proportion of the total fungal community in soils. Yet the only species described and cultivated in this class is Archaeorhizomyces finlayi. In this paper, we describe a second species from a pure culture, Archaeorhizomyces borealis NS99-600T (=CBS138755ExT) based on morphological, physiological, and multi-locus molecular characterization. Archaeorhizomyces borealis was isolated from a root tip of a Pinus sylvestris seedling grown in a forest nursery in Lithuania. Analysis of Archaeorhizomycete species from environmental samples shows that it has a Eurasian distribution and is the most commonly observed species. Archaeorhizomyces borealis shows slow growth in culture and forms yellowish creamy colonies, characteristics that distinguish A. borealis from its closest relative A. finlayi. Here we also propose a sequence-based taxonomic classification of Archaeorhizomycetes and predict that approximately 500 species in this class remain to be isolated and described. |
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| Keywords: | Plant roots Rhizosphere Soil clone group 1 Soil fungi Symbiosis |
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