江西省外来植物现状

目的] 完善江西省外来植物本底调查数据，为江西省外来入侵植物的预防和预警机制构建提供依据。方法] 通过文献、标本研究以及野外实地调查，对江西外来植物种类、原产地、生活型、引入途径、引入时间、在各地级市的分布情况以及外来入侵植物的种类进行分析、探讨。结果] 江西省外来植物有106科407属599种：菊科最多（85种，14.19%），其次是豆科（52种，8.68%），10种以下的科有91个，占总科的85.85%；主要源于美洲（49.25%），其次是亚洲（20.80%），欧洲第三（13.81%），地中海和大洋洲较少；外来植物中草本植物种类最多，乔木次之；大部分被用于观赏、饲料、药物等有意引入。江西省的外来入侵植物有53科168属267种；九江、赣州和南昌由于地理位置优越及经济地位突出被入侵较严重。结论] 江西省外来植物种类丰富，引入途径多样，入侵物种较多。建议构建风险评价系统，加强外来植物监管监测，科学引种；制订和更新外来植物防控的具体政策法规；同时，加大入侵危害宣传，及时防控和阻止外来植物逃逸入侵对本省生态环境造成侵害。

Study on the alien plants in Jiangxi Province, China

Aim] To improve the data on Jiangxi local alien species catalogue and provide a basis for the construction of effective prevention and early warning mechanisms for invasive plants in Jiangxi Province. Method] Based on a review of the literature, specimen studies, and field investigations, we analyzed and discussed the floristic composition, origin, life form, introduction pathways, introduction time, and distribution at prefecture-level of non-native plants in Jiangxi Province. Result] In total, 599 alien plant species belonging to 106 families and 407 genera were recorded in Jiangxi. Asteraceae was the most species-rich family (85 species, 14.19%), followed by Fabaceae (52 species, 8.68%); 91 families had <10 species and accounted for 85.85% of the total families. Most of the alien species in Jiangxi were of American origin (49.25%), followed by those of Asian (20.80%) and European (13.81%) origins. However, few of them were introduced from the Mediterranean and Oceania. Herbs were the most prevalent among alien plants, followed by trees. The alien species were mainly introduced for ornamental, culinary, and medicinal purposes. 267 invasive plants in 53 families and 168 genera were recorded in Jiangxi Province. Jiujiang, Ganzhou, and Nanchang have been invaded seriously due to their advantageous geographical position and economic status. Conclusion] The introduction pathways of the alien plants were diverse and many have become invasive after a time lag. Suggestions on controlling alien plants, including risk assessment, improvement of detection were proposed. In addition, increasing public awareness of the invasion hazards and conducting timely prevention and control interventions are necessary to prevent alien plants from escaping and becoming invasive.