《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》指引下中国生物多样性主流化实施路径探析

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》制定了未来一段时期全球范围内生物多样性保护的重要行动,包括将生物多样性及其多重价值纳入经济和社会活动的主流。中国作为联合国《生物多样性公约》(CBD)缔约方之一,在持续推进生物多样性主流化方面作出了不懈努力且成效显著。该文通过探讨解析生物多样性主流化的概念内涵,梳理总结我国生物多样性主流化的具体实践和阶段成效,对标《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》目标,围绕政府、企业、公众不同行为主体,提出新时期我国全方位推进生物多样性主流化的4个主要实施路径:(1)引入统一的行动框架;(2)发挥政府治理的主导作用;(3)联动企业采取共同行动;(4)提高公众意识以促进其广泛参与,致力于将生物多样性融入各级政府部门政策机制及社会生产生活实践活动中,为完善生物多样性治理决策提供参考。

Implementation path of biodiversity mainstreaming in China under the guidance of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework sets out key actions for biodiversity conservation worldwide in the coming period, including integrating biodiversity and its multiple values into economic and social activities. As a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD), China has made unremitting efforts to promote the biodiversity mainstreaming, integrating biodiversity conservation into top-level national decision-making and major strategic planning, and integrating it into the policies, norms and assessment mechanisms of ecological environments, natural resources and other relevant industries. Different functional departments, scientific research institutions, enterprises, social organizations and other organizations have carried out extensive and in-depth researches based on multiple aspects of biodiversity conservation and management. Benchmark the objectives of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and refer the advanced experience of biodiversity mainstreaming practices in other countries, we discussed and analyzed the conceptual connotation of biodiversity mainstreaming, summarized the practice and stage results of biodiversity mainstreaming in China. Then focusing on different actors including governments, enterprises and the public, we propose the implementation path of promoting biodiversity mainstreaming in an all-round way for China in the new era, including:(1)To import a consistent action framework which is mitigation protection hierarchy with four steps, contains avoidance, mitigation, recovery, and offset;(2)To give play to the leading role of government governance, and to integrate biodiversity conservation into government governance systems and industrial development layout with the help of various planning and policy tools;(3)To support enterprises to take joint actions and internalize ecological and environmental hazards into business operations which can promote sustainable production and consumption;(4)To raise public awareness to promote broad participation in biodiversity conservation, establish a system of public participation in biodiversity conservation through various publicity and education actions, to guide the public to practice a green and low-carbon lifestyle, and to translate into real benefits of biodiversity and climate mitigation and improvement. By taking the above actions, we will strive to integrate biodiversity into the policy mechanisms of government departments at all levels and social production and life practices, so as to provide references for improving biodiversity governance decisions.