Geographical variation in heading traits in wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. I. Variation in vernalization response and ecological differentiation |
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Authors: | K Kato Y Mori A Beiles E Nevo |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700, Japan, JP;(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783, Japan, JP;(3) Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel, IL |
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Abstract: | Geographical variation in vernalization response and narrow-sense earliness was investigated for accessions of wild emmer
wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, collected in Israel. Wide variation between and within populations was observed in both characters. The analysis of vernalization
response showed that 2 accessions from Tabigha were of a strong spring growth habit, and thus wild emmer wheat was classified
into four types, i.e., strongly spring type, moderately spring type, moderately winter type, and strongly winter type, according
to their vernalization response. Whereas winter types were frequently found in most populations except that of Tabigha, the
distribution of spring types was sporadic and restricted to warmer areas. It was thus suggested that spring type in T. dicoccoides might have evolved from a winter prototype as an adaptation to warmer conditions. Within moderately winter and moderately
spring types, quantitative differences in vernalization response, measured as Dof70/Dof20 and Dof20/Dof0, were observed between populations. Inter- and intra-population variation in vernalization response could be explained to
some extent by the difference in growing conditions at each habitat. It was clearly indicated that environmental heterogeneity
caused ecogenetic differentiation in wild emmer wheat in Israel. Wild emmer wheat also varied considerably for narrow-sense
earliness, ranging from 32.9 days to 69.5 days among accessions. However, it was difficult to explain its geographical variation
simply by a linear relationship with environmental factors, and a nonlinear relationship and/or unknown microgeographic heterogeneity
may be responsible.
Received: 18 March 1996/Accepted: 13 December 1996 |
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Keywords: | Vernalization Narrow-sense earliness Adaptation Ecological differentiation T dicoccoides |
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