农业废弃物养分循环利用技术模式评估模型的研究进展

农业废弃物的养分循环利用技术模式是实现农业循环经济的重要手段,其评估模型为优化养分循环利用技术提供了重要支撑。本文总结了农业废弃物养分循环技术模式评估框架、评估模型及评价指标、模型的数据源及其不确定性分析,以及模型应用尺度的研究进展。当前,常用于评估养分流动的模型主要是过程数学模型和产业生态学模型。过程数学模型和产业生态学模型在评估结果的可靠性和模拟尺度上存在较大差异,前者主要集中在实验室或中试规模,精度较高;后者可以实现从微观到宏观的多尺度模拟,数据的获取方式导致其具有较高的不确定性。最后,本文对农业废弃物养分循环利用技术评估模型的研究进行展望,提出为了在区域尺度上实现对农业生产系统废弃物资源化利用技术的准确评估,可以将过程数学模型与工业生态学模型相结合,建立可靠的模型框架和数据库,同时,在工厂、农场、村落、乡镇、区域等地理尺度进行模型拓展研究。

Review on the assessment model of nutrient recycling with agricultural residues treatment technologies

The technology for nutrient resource utilization of agricultural residues is crucial to realizing a circular agricultural economy. The assessment model provides essential support to optimize nutrient recovery and treatment technologies. We specifically summarized research progress in the assessment framework of agricultural residues nutrient recycling technology, assessment models and evaluation indicators, data sources of models and their uncertainty analysis, and the application scale of models. We found that process mathematical models and industrial eco-logy models are the common nutrient flow assessment models. Process mathematical and industrial ecology models differed greatly in terms of the reliability of assessment results and the simulation scale. The former mainly focused at laboratory or pilot scale, with higher accuracy. The latter could achieve multi-scale simulation from microscopic to macroscopic and had higher uncertainty, due to the way its data were obtained. Finally, we provided an outlook on the research on the assessment model of agricultural residues nutrient resource utilisation technology. In order to achieve accurate assessment of waste resource utilisation technology in agricultural production systems at the regional scale, a reliable model framework and database should be established by combining process mathematical models with industrial ecology models. Meanwhile, we should carry out research on model expansion at the geographical scales of factory scale, farm scale, village scale, township scale, and regional scale.