兰科药用植物手参种子的真菌共生萌发

手参Gymnadenia conopsea是一种地生型兰科植物,是我国的传统中药,同时也是蒙药、藏药常用药,在西藏地区亦作食用。现代药理学研究表明手参具有非常好的药理活性,然而当前手参还不能进行人工栽培,市场需求完全依赖野生资源,因此资源短缺仍然是制约该种药用植物进一步开发利用的瓶颈。兰科植物种子萌发及早期的幼苗生长均需真菌参与,基于此,本文从手参根系中进行了真菌分离,并获得一株菌株,分子鉴定为角担菌属Ceratobasidium GS2。将GS2菌株与手参种子进行共培养,可明显促进手参种子的原球茎的形成并最终分化成幼苗。手参种子共生萌发的成功对于实现手参的种质保育、人工栽培和野生居群的生态恢复均具有重要的意义。

Symbiotic fungi inducing seed germination of medicinal Gymnadenia conopsea of Orchidaceae

Terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea is traditionally widely used as Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine, having evident pharmacological activity as proved by modern pharmacology. However, G. conopsea is artificially uncultivatable and it’s market demand totally depends on wild resources. As a result, resource shortage is still the main problem to restrict development and utilization of G. conopsea. In this study, a fungus was isolated from roots of G. conopsea and identified as Ceratobasidium based on ITS sequences. The fungus strain Ceratobasidium GS2 obviously promoted seed germination and protocorm growth of G. conopsea on culture medium. The success of symbiotic germination of G. conopsea is important for germplasm conservation, artificial cultivation and ecological restoration of wild population of this orchid.