基于遥感生态指数的新疆玛纳斯湖湿地生态变化评价

以2000、2006和2016年3期的Landsat遥感影像为基础数据源,结合前人研究成果和实地考察,借助RSEI指数,对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境进行监测和评价。结果表明:利用主成分分析技术集成植被指数、湿度分量、地表温度和土壤指数建立的RSEI指数具有一定的适用性,可较好的对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境质量状况及其时空变化进行监测和评价。2000、2006和2016年RSEI指数均值分别为0.227、0.183、0.234,对RSEI指数进行分级处理后,发现流域生态环境质量"较差"等级居于主导地位,"优"等级有所增加,湿地生态环境质量向好的方向发展。气候变化和人类活动共同作用于玛纳斯湖湿地产生的生态环境效应,日益增强的人类活动是湿地退化的主要原因,多年来粗放型的农业发展使玛纳斯河流域人口、经济与生态环境之间的关系严重失调。从优化水资源配置角度提出对主要源流流域水土资源大规模开发的同时,应重视尾闾湖泊湿地的生态价值与可持续发展。

Evaluation of ecological changes based on a remote sensing ecological index in a Manas Lake wetland, Xinjiang

Wetlands are important, unique, multi-functional ecosystems formed by the interaction between land and water on the earth. They are an important habitat for human beings, with one of the highest productivity and richest biodiversity in the natural world. In the past 50 years, with the large-scale development of land resources in the Manas River Basin, the agricultural production water in the upper and middle reaches has reached downstream ecological habitats, resulting in a loss of biodiversity in the Manas Lake wetland and increased desertification at the lakeside. The ecological environment is the material basis for the survival and development of humans, and ecological environmental quality has a profound impact on global change and regional sustainable development. The remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), integrates multiple indicators that reflect the most intuitive ecological environment based on natural factors, and can quickly monitor and evaluate the regional ecological environment. Based on Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2006, and 2016, this study used the RSEI index to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of the wetland at Manas Lake. The results showed that the RSEI index established by integrating the vegetation index, humidity, land surface temperature, and soil index using the principal component analysis technique has certain applicability, and could effectively be used to monitor and evaluate the ecosystem quality and its spatio-temporal changes in this wetland. In 2000, 2006, and 2016, the average RSEI index was 0.227, 0.183, and 0.234, and after ranking the RSEI index, it was found that the "lower" grade of the ecological environment in the river basin was dominant. The "excellent" level has increased, and the eco-environmental quality in the basin has improved. Climate change and human activities play a role in the eco-environmental effects produced in the Manas Lake wetland; increasing human activity is the main cause of wetland degradation, and extensive agricultural development over time has severely misaligned the population, economic, and ecological environment of the Manas River Basin. In the new century, under the "Five in One" modernization of the country to optimize the allocation of water resources, this paper focused on the large-scale development of water and land resources in major river basins, with the primary aim of determining the ecological value and sustainable development of the tail lake wetlands. These environments have important ecological significance for the sustainable development of the river basin and construction of the Silk Road economic belt.