施肥对小粒咖啡生长、光合特性和产量的影响

采用田间实验，研究了不同N、P、K匹配对3年生小粒咖啡生长、光合特性以及产量的影响．结果表明，N的缺乏对小粒咖啡生长、光合特性和产量的影响最大，其次为K，而P的影响相对较小．叶面喷施适量的微量元素(B、Zn)可明显增加产量．N、P、K不同水平的匹配对小粒咖啡有不同的影响，N：P2O5：K2O的最佳匹配比例为1：0．5：1．小粒咖啡需要高营养的投入，而从投入．产出的效益分析表明，N、P，O5、K2O的合适用量分别为100、50和100g／株．小粒咖啡产量与单株分枝数和单株叶面积密切相关，与最大净光合速率呈显著正相关，但与苗高、地茎的相关性不显著．不同施肥处理对小粒咖啡黎明光化学效率影响不大，但高的施肥量明显减轻咖啡的日间光抑制．

Effects of fertilization on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Coffea arabica

Coffea arabica is a major economic plant in agriculture plantation in tropical and subtropical areas in the world. This paper reports the experimental results on the fertilization strategy in Yunnan, China. Effects of varied levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) nutrients on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield in three-year old saplings of C. arabica with the density of 4500 individuals per hectare were measured. In general, N is the most important factor influencing the growth, photosynthetic capacity and yield of C. arabica, followed by K and P, respectively. The yield can be improved through spraying appropriate amount of trace elements in the leaves. The optimum matching experiments in fertilization level of N:P2O5: K2O is at the ratio of 1:0.5:1. The high yield of C. arabica need high nutrient demands, but the optimum amount of fertilizer of N, P2O5, K2O is 100, 50, 100 g per individual according to the cost-benefits analysis. The yield of C. arabica was closely related with the numbers of branch, total leaf areas and maximum rate of net photosynthesis (Amax) among different treatments. Different fertilization strategy had no significantly effects on the photochemical efficiency in dawn, but all indicators showed that the higher-fertilized plants could significantly alleviate diurnal photoinhibition.