不同结荚习性夏大豆种质的农艺表现及其与产量的相关分析

以533份不同结荚习性大豆种质为试验材料,研究了不同结荚习性大豆种质在黄淮夏播生态区的农艺性状表现,并对主要农艺性状和产量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:大豆种质的营养期、株高、有效分枝、单株荚数、倒伏性、株型等性状的平均值随无限-亚有限-有限结荚习性递减,生殖期、单株粒重、百粒重、小区产量等性状平均值的变化趋势则相反。相关分析表明,无限结荚习性种质的产量与株高、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.602**、0.566**,与有效分枝、倒伏性呈显著负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.384*、-0.451*。亚有限结荚习性种质的产量与生殖期、单株粒重呈显著、极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.156*、0.536*,与有效分枝呈极显著负相关,偏相关系数为-0.323**。有限结荚习性种质的产量与单株粒重、株高呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.433**、0.262**,与株型、单株荚数呈显著、极显著负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.149*、-0.198**。结合不同结荚习性品种的生长特点,本研究认为,无限结荚习性品种株高较高且株高与产量呈极显著正相关,适合干旱地区种植;亚有限结荚习性品种生殖期与产量呈正相关,生殖期内生长旺盛需要较多的养分供应;有限结荚习性品种的营养生长持续时间短,株高较矮,吸收光能有限,实现高产主要依赖各性状器官间的平衡。生产中,有限结荚习性品种的营养生长期间既需要充足的肥水促其生长,又要防止旺长。

Agronomic characters and their correlations with yield in summer soybean varieties of different growth habits

three hundred and fifty-five soybean varieties with different growth habits growing at Huanghuai summer sowing region were employed to investigate some main agronomic traits and yield performance and their correlations. The results indicated that the average of the vegetative period, plant height, effective branches, pods per plant, lodging, plant type traits reduced gradually in the order from indeterminate, semideterminate to determinate soybeans and the opposite trend was found in reproductive period, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, and plot yield. Highly significant positive correlation was found between yield and both plant height and seed weight per plant in indeterminate soybean accessions, with the partial correlation coefficients of 0.602** and 0.566**, respectively, while the significant negative correlation was between yield and both effective branch and lodging, the partial correlation coefficient was -0.384* and -0.451*, respectively.. In contrast, in semideterminate soybeans accessions, the correlations between yield and both seed weight per plant and reproductive period were significantly and highly significantly positive, showing partial correlation coefficients of 0.156* and 0.536**, respectively, while the correlation between yield and effective branch was highly negative, with a partial correlation coefficient of -0.323**. In determinate soybean varieties, the plot yield was found to have partial correlation coefficients of 0.433**, 0.262**, -0.160*, -0.202** with seed weight per plant, plant height, plant type, pods per plant. . Combined with the growth characteristics of soybean varieties of different growth habits, this study suggested that indeterminate soybean varieties should be more suitable for growing in arid areas and the semideterminate ones need nutrient supply during reproductive period, that determinate soybean varieties have short plant height because of short vegetative stage and limited absorption of light energy . The formation of high-yielding trait mainly depended on the balance between the various traits. So, during vegetative growth of the determinate, plenty of fertilizer supply is indispensable and excessive growth should be avoided.