土家族源流的遗传学初探

通过分析湖北恩施、湖南吉首地区土家族两个人群样本，利用14个Y染色体非重组区(NRY)单倍群分型技术对土家族的遗传结构进行了研究。分型结果结合其他地区土家族两个人群和相关民族群体进行主成分分析，并将分析结果根据不同人群的地理分布展示在地图上。然后对各主成分和单倍群进行偏相关分析来探讨它们之间的相关性。结果显示土家族主体与汉族在父系结构上比较接近，但依然有一定的区别。同时还发现龙山地区唯一保留土家语的土家族与氐羌族群有很明显的相关性，这说明土家族最早的起源可能正是氐羌民族。实验结果表明，恩施和吉首地区的大部分土家族与周边民族群体间的血缘交流频繁；而龙山和永顺的土家族更能代表土家先民的遗传结构，他们与西部氐羌族群密切相关。

Genetic Structure of Tujia as Revealed by Y Chromosomes

Tujia people call themselves "Bizika",which means aboriginal.Genetic study of Tujia is virtually absent.To characterize the genetic structure of Tujia,the distribution of 14 Y haplogroups was studied in Tujia populations sampled from Enshi,Hubei (31 males) and Jishou,Hunan (68 males).A total of eight haplogroups were observed in the Enshi and Jishou populations.The haplogroup frequencies of Tujia were compared with the frequencies of other related ethnic groups,including Northern Han,Southern Han,Tibetan-Burman speaking populations,Daic and Hmong-Mien.The principal component (PC) analysis was conducted and the PCs were plotted to explore the historical migrations.In addition,partial correlation analysis was performed to study the relationship between the first three PCs and the haplogroups.The PC2 revealed a cluster of Tujia groups including Longshan,Yongshun,and Enshi with Lahu,suggesting possible interaction between Tujia and the Di-Qiang groups.However,a similarity between Han and Tujia populations,though differentiated,were also observed.We postulated,by incorporating the results of archaeological and historical evidences,that the Ba people,the ancestors of the Tujia,might be related with Di-Qiang groups and inhabited the Tujia area initially before a substantial interaction with Han and other ethnic groups.