秀丽高原鳅种群生存力分析及最小可存活种群数估算

秀丽高原鳅(Triplophysa venusta)系金沙江的土著种, 是云南省重要保护鱼类; 由于其栖息水域建设水电站, 加之云南连年干旱, 导致其种群数量锐减。采用漩涡模型对不同生境下的秀丽高原鳅种群生存力进行了模拟分析, 并估算了其最小可存活种群数。结果表明: 灾害是影响种群长期存活的关键因子, 种群繁殖率和性未成熟个体死亡率对种群生存力影响较大, 而种群的环境容纳量大小则无显著影响; 若连续进行40年的成鱼捕获(2000尾/年), 可使种群在100年内的灭绝概率增至100%, 而若连续进行20年的人工增殖放流(1000尾1龄鱼/年), 可使100年内的灭绝概率降至35.8%。通过模拟计算, 使种群在当前生境下以95%的概率存活100年所需的最小种群数为16000尾。由此可见, 减少灾害发生频率、降低性未成熟个体死亡率、增加繁殖率以及进行人工增殖放流是秀丽高原鳅种群保护与恢复的有效措施。研究为秀丽高原鳅种群保护、渔政管理与人工增殖放流提供了理论依据。     

Influence of familiarity on shoaling behaviour in Texas and blacktail shiners

The Texas shiner Notropis amabilis and the blacktail shiner Cyprinella venusta demonstrated statistically significant preferences for the side of the tank holding their familiar shoalmates, and significantly stronger shoaling behaviour with their familiar shoalmates, than with unfamiliar fish.     

中国的捕食线虫真菌——Ⅴ.节丛孢属

本文报道了分离自我国部分省区的捕食根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)、蘑菇堆肥线虫(Aphelenchoides composticla)、小杆线虫(Rhabditis sp.)和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)的节丛孢属菌18个种,其中2个新种,7个我国新记录种。新种是贵州节丛孢Arthrobotrys guizhouensis K.Q.Zhang sp.nov.和秀丽节丛孢A.venusta K.Q.Zhang sp.DOV.。此外,文中还列出了节丛孢属18个种的检索表。     

Additional analysis of chemical diversity of the red algal genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae) from Japan

The halogenated secondary metabolite constitution of four species of the red algal genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae) from southern Japan is reported. Laurencia composita Yamada from Tanegashima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture) bears five sesquiterpenoids (2,10‐dibromo‐3‐chloro‐α‐chamigrene and 2,10‐dibromo‐3‐chloro‐9‐hydroxy‐α‐chamigrene, in addition to pre‐pacifenol epoxide, johnstonol and pacifenol, which are known in other populations of this species). Laurencia intricata Lamouroux from Chinzei (Saga Prefecture) and Oomura Bay (Nagasaki Prefecture) bear a C₁₅ aceto‐genin, okamurallene. Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas from Tanegashima Island produces three sesquiterpenoids, (Z)‐10,15‐dibromo‐9‐hydroxy‐chamigra‐1, 3(15),7(14)‐triene, 10‐bromo‐7‐hydroxylaurene and 10,11‐dibromo‐7‐hydroxylaurene, corresponding to those of one of its chemical races. Laurencia venusta Yamada from Tanegashima Island produces two sesquiterpenoids, cupalaurenol and cyclolaurenol, which were known only from a sea hare, Aplysia dactylomela Rang. This strongly suggests that Aplysia consumes L. venusta and concentrates these halogenated compounds.     

抗草甘膦胶红酵母ZM-1 (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZM-1)

农药残留的传统处理方法主要采取化学法或焚烧、掩埋的方法.这些方法的缺点很明显,即副作用大、容易造成二次污染、成本较高、作用很慢等.生物修复主要是利用微生物及其产品来降解污染物,它具有无毒、无残留、成本较低等优点.迄今所分离的草甘膦降解菌株主要是一些细菌[1-5],但在同等数量情况下,耕作土壤中的真菌拥有比细菌更高的生物量,应用真菌于草甘膦等除草剂的生物修复已成为一个新的研究方向.     

一株可用于四氢嘧啶制备的中度嗜盐菌

<正>四氢嘧啶(1,4,5,6-四氢-2-甲基-4-嘧啶羧酸)是中度嗜盐细菌的一种渗透压补偿性溶质[1],可以平衡细胞的渗透压,并且在高温、冷冻和干燥等逆境下,对酶、DNA、细胞膜和整个细胞提供保护作用,因此四氢嘧     

Halomonas venusta DSM4743渗透压冲击下四氢嘧啶合成与释放

选择耐受较高NaCl浓度,而且四氢嘧啶胞内浓度阈值较高的菌株,研究其四氢嘧啶发酵条件和工艺,对于提高四氢嘧啶的制备效率具有实际意义。考察了碳源、NaCl浓度、酵母膏添加量对Halomonas venustaDSM4743四氢嘧啶合成的影响,考察了优化条件下的四氢嘧啶分批发酵进程,并利用"细菌挤奶"工艺制备四氢嘧啶。结果表明:谷氨酸单钠为唯一碳氮源、NaCl浓度为1.5mol/L、酵母膏添加量为0.5%的条件有利于四氢嘧啶合成。在优化条件下10L发酵罐分批发酵,四氢嘧啶最大合成量为3.2g/L,合成效率为2.7g/(L.d)。通过"细菌挤奶"工艺制备四氢嘧啶,6个渗透压冲击循环后,四氢嘧啶总合成量为14.7g/L,总释放量为14.3g/L,平均释放率为97%,合成效率2.1g/(L.d)。中度嗜盐菌Halomonas venusta DSM4743耐受较高浓度的NaCl,而且四氢嘧啶胞内浓度阈值较高,优化的发酵条件及"细菌挤奶"工艺,获得了较高的四氢嘧啶制备效率。     

A new euphyllophyte Kunia venusta gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Devonian of Yunnan,South China

Abstract Kunia venusta gen. et sp. nov. is reported from the late Middle Devonian (Givetian) Haikou Formation near Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. This plant has three orders of naked axes that divide pseudomonopodially. The second‐ and third‐order axes occur in a helix. Fertile appendages are distantly spaced and helically inserted to the third‐order axis; they comprise equally dichotomous branches terminated by two clusters of paired and fusiform sporangia. Sterile appendages are dichotomous and distally recurved. A comparison is made with the basal euphyllophytes including the trimerophytes, cladoxylopsids, zygopterids, stauropterids, and some relevant genera of uncertain affinity. The new plant resembles them in dichotomous appendages with terminal elongated sporangia, but differs mainly in the three orders of pseudomonopodial axes bearing helical laterals. It is thus placed in the Euphyllophytina as incertae sedis. It is suggested that an evolutionary divergence in the branching pattern and appendage morphology might have occurred in the Middle Devonian euphyllophytes, that is, maintaining three dimensions versus yielding more or less planation.     

Antifouling Brominated Diterpenoids from Japanese Marine Red Alga Laurencia venusta Yamada

The marine red algal genus Laurencia has abundant halogenated secondary metabolites, which exhibit novel structural types and possess various unique biological potentials, including antifouling activity. In this study, we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and antifouling activities of two novel brominated diterpenoids, aplysin-20 aldehyde ( 1 ), 13-dehydroxyisoaplysin-20 ( 2 ), and its congeners. We screened marine red alga Laurencia venusta Yamada for their antifouling activity against the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Ethyl acetate extracts of L. venusta from Hiroshima and Chiba, Japan, were isolated and purified, and the compound structures were identified using 1D and 2D NMR, HR-APCI-MS, IR, and chemical synthesis. Seven secondary metabolites were identified, and their antifouling activities were evaluated. Compounds 1 , 2 , and aplysin-20 ( 3 ) exhibited strong activities against M. galloprovincialis. Therefore, these compounds can be explored as natural antifouling drugs.