中亚热带主要树种凋落叶在杉木人工林中分解及氮磷释放过程

采用分解网袋法研究了马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)、木荷(Schima superba)、青冈(Cycloblanopsis glauca)等树种凋落叶在21年生杉木人工林内的分解速率和养分释放过程。经过13个月的分解实验,4种供试凋落叶以青冈分解最快,质量失重率为33.5%,其次为桤木和木荷,马尾松分解最慢,其质量失重率仅为29.9%。4种凋落叶分解50%和95%所需要的时间分别为21～26个月和94～112个月。在凋落叶分解过程中,除桤木凋落叶中氮含量下降外,其他3种凋落叶的氮含量均增加,但凋落叶的C/N均降低;在凋落叶分解的前3个月,凋落物中磷含量快速下降,此后变化很小,C/P呈增加趋势。在凋落叶分解过程中,马尾松凋落叶对氮素表现为固持作用,而其他3种凋落叶对氮素表现为净释放,4种凋落叶的磷素均表现为净释放。4种供试材料中桤木较适合与杉木混交种植。     

Evidence for an interaction between the SH3 domain and the N-terminal extension of the essential light chain in class II myosins

The function of the src-homology 3 (SH3) domain in class II myosins, a distinct beta-barrel structure, remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence, using electron cryomicroscopy, in conjunction with light-scattering, fluorescence and kinetic analyses, that the SH3 domain facilitates the binding of the N-terminal extension of the essential light chain isoform (ELC-1) to actin. The 41 residue extension contains four conserved lysine residues followed by a repeating sequence of seven Pro/Ala residues. It is widely believed that the highly charged region interacts with actin, while the Pro/Ala-rich sequence forms a rigid tether that bridges the approximately 9 nm distance between the myosin lever arm and the thin filament. In order to localize the N terminus of ELC in the actomyosin complex, an engineered Cys was reacted with undecagold-maleimide, and the labeled ELC was exchanged into myosin subfragment-1 (S1). Electron cryomicroscopy of S1-bound actin filaments, together with computer-based docking of the skeletal S1 crystal structure into 3D reconstructions, showed a well-defined peak for the gold cluster near the SH3 domain. Given that SH3 domains are known to bind proline-rich ligands, we suggest that the N-terminal extension of ELC interacts with actin and modulates myosin kinetics by binding to the SH3 domain during the ATPase cycle.     

微生物采油技术用于聚驱后油藏的研究进展

聚合物驱后仍会有大量的剩余油残留在低渗透层中,而且油层中滞留的聚合物还会给后续的驱油带来负面影响。有很多证据表明,在聚驱油藏中、聚驱油田产出液中、油田土壤中,存在能降解常用驱油聚合物,并以之为唯一营养源的细菌。这样人们就可以利用微生物的降解作用除去油藏中残留聚合物,再结合常规微生物采油技术进一步提高聚驱后油藏的采收率。目前已经进行的室内、现场实验取得了一定成效,但有明显局限性。不过通过进一步的理论研究,大部分问题会得到解决,所以该技术的发展前景仍然广大。     

不同水分条件下杨树-玉米复合系统凋落物分解特性

为探讨水分变化对农林复合生态系统凋落物分解特性的影响,以河西走廊杨树（Populus）-玉米（Zea mays）凋落物为研究对象,设置正常水分（9200 m³/hm²,对照）,轻度干旱胁迫（减少15%,7800 m³/hm²）,中度干旱胁迫（减少30%,6400 m³/hm²）3种不同水分处理条件,采用分解袋法研究了不同水分条件下杨树叶和玉米秸秆的质量残留率、分解速率和养分含量变化特征。结果表明：（1）随着干旱胁迫的加剧,两种凋落物的质量残留率均增加,而分解速率降低。经过164 d的分解后,杨树叶和玉米秸秆的质量残留率分别为70.43%-77.49%、63.55%-68.29%。分析表明：水分和时间对各类型凋落物的质量残留率均有极显著的影响（P<0.001）,但二者的交互作用不显著（P>0.05）;干旱胁迫显著降低了玉米秸秆的分解速率,但杨树叶的分解速率却只是在中度干旱胁迫下显著降低（P<0.05）。对于不同类型凋落物而言,分解速率表现为玉米秸秆>杨树叶。（2）两种类型凋落物的氮（N）残留率在分解过程中表现为降低的趋势,但随着干旱程度的加大,N的残留率增加,表明水分抑制了N的释放过程。分解164d后,同一类型凋落物不同水分条件下的N残留率均存在显著差异。对于同一水分条件下不同凋落物而言,玉米秸秆的N残留率最低,而杨树叶最高。总的来说,水分降低对干旱区农林复合系统内凋落物的分解和氮元素含量具有显著的抑制作用。     

The evaluation of oral health in stroke patients

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00505.x The evaluation of oral health in stroke patients Objective: As tooth loss has been suggested as a potential risk factor for stroke, oral examinations were carried out on stroke patients to review the oral condition of those patients. Method: The subjects were patients consecutively discharged from the recovery rehabilitation unit of Hiroshima City General Rehabilitation Center between April 2008 and December 2009. All patients were offered oral examination and 358 of 443 patients accepted. Patients receiving dental examination were divided into two groups: one group comprising stroke patients and the second, patients with other disorders. These two groups were then compared for the number of remaining teeth by age group. Results: Among the examined patients, the number of remaining teeth in stroke patients in their 50s and 60s was significantly lower than for patients in corresponding age groups (18.4 ± 9.4 vs. 24.5 ± 5.4 and 18.3 ± 9.2 vs. 22.2 ± 7.2, respectively, with p < 0.05 for both age groups) who were hospitalised for other conditions. In addition, the number of remaining teeth in stroke patients in their 50s was also significantly lower than the number reported in the Survey of Dental Diseases (24.1 ± 6.1; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest an association between tooth loss and early occurrence of stroke.     

影响四季桂插穗生根若干因子研究

本文研究扦插基质、插穗枝梢成熟度和插穗留叶量对四季桂生根的影响。结果表明:枝梢成熟度和扦插基质对插穗生根有显著影响,留1片叶和留2片叶对插穗生根没有显著影响。因此,四季桂扦插宜选用半木质化成熟枝梢,并采用2/3泥炭土+1/3珍珠岩作为扦插基质,留1～2片叶效果最好。     

小良热带人工阔叶混交林中屋顶鼠施氏亚种的食性及其生态学意义

Rattus rattus slandeni的食性资料是在小良人工阔叶混交林中通过200个鼠箱观察残留食物的方法收集到的。屋顶鼠摄食植物39种,主要为果实、种子部分,并大量捕食金龟子、蝉和蝗虫等昆虫,偶尔捕食小脊椎动物。植物性和动物性两大类残食的总出现率相近,5-10月以动物性食物为主,11-4月以植物性食物为主。该鼠搬运和遗弃果实、种子的行为,有助于植物种类的传布,大量捕食害虫,有利于该系统的生态平衡,故对其益害问题应作客观评价。     

环鄱阳湖城市群城乡建设用地的承载能力评价及空间格局匹配

土地承载力是土地管理和可持续利用的重要研究领域之一,城乡建设用地是土地利用类型的重要组成部分,其结构与布局是否合理对土地可持续利用至关重要.本研究以环鄱阳湖城市群为研究区,进行城乡建设用地开发适宜性评价,核算城乡建设用地可承载临界值,计算可承载城乡建设用地丰度,并与现状城乡建设用地进行空间格局匹配性分析,得到研究区各个县(市、区)的剩余开发强度和空间匹配度.结果表明: 研究区城乡建设用地开发适宜性评价结果等级中,最适宜区、较适宜区、较不适宜区和不适宜区面积分别为3130.62、2477.29、867.03和29509.14 km².研究区城乡建设用地可承载临界值(可开发强度)为16.6%,各个县(市、区)的值在7.7%～100%,各县(市、区)可承载城乡建设用地丰度在0.15～1.30.研究区剩余开发强度为12.3%,空间匹配度为0.76;各个县(市、区)剩余开发强度在4.9%～53.5%,空间匹配度在0.11～1.00,地区差异较大.此研究有助于明确现状开发状态与合理开发状态之间的关系,可为城乡建设用地的精细化管理、制定空间格局优化调控政策提供依据.     

Efficiency of pretreatments for optimal enzymatic saccharification of soybean fiber

The effectiveness of several pretreatments [high-power ultrasound, sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH₃OH)] to enhance glucose production from insoluble fractions recovered from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (FFSF) was investigated. Sonication of the insoluble fraction at 144 μm_{pp (peak-to-peak)} for 30 and 60 s did not improve the saccharification yield. The solid fractions recovered after pretreatment with H₂SO₄ [1% (w/w), 90 °C, 1.5 h], NaOH [15% (w/w), 65 °C, 17 h], and NH₃OH [15% (w/w), 65 °C, 17 h] showed significant lignin degradation, i.e., 81.9%, 71.2%, and 75.4%, respectively, when compared to the control (7.4%). NH₃OH pretreatment resulted in the highest saccharification yield (63%) after 48 h of enzymatic saccharification. A treatment combining the extraction and saccharification steps and applied directly to the extruded FFSF, where oil extraction yield and saccharification yield reached 98% and 43%, respectively, was identified.     

Radiographic changes in alveolar bone height on overdenture abutments: a longitudinal study

Objective: Stabilisation of partial dentures is an important part of prosthodontic treatment, particularly in patients with an excessive reduction in alveolar bone supporting their abutment teeth. In these cases, overdenture prostheses are one possible treatment choice. Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of overdentures on the condition of alveolar bone of the remaining teeth, and to evaluate the overdenture concept in the prosthetic treatment of partially edentulous patients. Materials and methods: The investigation was conducted on 22 patients during observation periods of 6 and 10 years. After preparation, all abutment teeth were provided with either amalgam restorations or gold copings. An overdenture in the lower jaw was fabricated for every patient. A special film holder was used to repeat the X‐ray procedure in every patient in the same manner. The radiographs were evaluated using the grid scale. The alveolar bone level of all remaining teeth was evaluated on dental films by measuring the distance between the root apex and coronal border of the alveolar bone. Results: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was calculated 6 years after delivery stage between distal alveolar bone levels of experimental abutments under overdentures and the remaining teeth of the control group. Alveolar bone of abutment teeth was considerably preserved, particularly in seven patients observed 10 years after provision of their dentures. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the validity of the overdenture treatment in partially edentulous patients is concluded. Good oral hygiene was crucial for the success of treatment with overdentures.