Comparison of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of <i>Taxus chinensis</i> var. <i>mairei </i>Seedlings Root under Waterlogging Stress in Different Substrates

Four different ratios of river sand, ceramic pellets, vermiculite and perlite (1:1), and field soil were selected as the substrates in this experiment, and four gradient levels of root waterlogging, half waterlogging, full waterlogging and normal were set to investigate the effects of different gradients of waterlogging stress on the root morphology of Taxus chinensis var. mairei seedlings under different substrates. In this study, the root anatomical structure of Taxus chinensis var. mairei under different waterlogging stress was observed by the paraffin section method. The roots of T. chinensis var. mairei were diarch, with no pith and resin canals. There was a large number of tannins in the pericycle of the aerial adventitious roots of seedlings adapted to waterlogging. Also, the endodermis has obvious casparian strip thickening, and there were 4-5 layers of large parenchymatous cells in the close to the inner side of the pericycle in the vascular cylinder, which could increase the storage capacity, and transport capacity of the root. Under the treatment of root waterlogging stress, the development of plant roots in the mixed substrate of vermiculite and, perlite was the earliest. Under half waterlogging stress, T. chinensis var. mairei seedlings treated with various substrates all could better adapt to the environment of waterlogging stress. Under the stress of fully waterlogging, the roots of seedlings planted in river sand substrate developed secondary growth.     

濒危植物南方红豆杉濒危原因分析

南方红豆杉是我国第三纪孑遗特有树种,为国家1级濒危保护植物,主要分布于在长江流域、南岭山脉以及广东、广西、江西、河南、陕西、甘肃、台湾和山西等省（区）的山地。南方红豆杉分布区的生态环境特征是：热量充足,温暖潮湿。南方红豆杉濒危的主要原因有：（1）种子产生量少,萌发率和幼苗成活率较低（2）种群缺乏较强的竞争力,（3）地理分布的局限性,（4）对生境要求的特殊性和（5）人为破坏严重。此外,针对南方红豆杉濒危现状和原因,还提出了科学保护和可持续利用的对策。     

Effect of Conduritol A,a Polyol from Gymnema sylvestre,on the Development of Diabetic Cataracts in Streptozotocin-treated Rats and on Aldose Reductase

Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were maintained on a stock diet for 16 weeks and some were given conduritol A (10 mg/kg/day). The administration of conduritol A, having a hypoglycemic effect, markedly prevented the diabetic rats from getting cataracts. In practice, conduritol A inhibited aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) that is capable of catalyzing the conversion of aldoses to sugar alcohols in the polyol pathway. In an in vitro assay, lens aldose reductase was most effectively inhibited by conduritol A when α,β-d-glucose was used as a substrate. Some enzymes from the rats were not inhibited by conduritol A. Neither an intraperitoneal injection nor oral dosage of conduritol A caused acute toxicity in the rats. These findings suggest that the inhibition of lens aldose reductase by conduritol A may be responsible for its cataract-suppressing effect.     

南方红豆杉和东北红豆杉中的单体化合物对乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响

本研究采用MTT法,研究南方红豆杉和东北红豆杉中的10种不同结构类型的单体化合物对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,化合物1~10(10-9~10-5mol/L)处理MCF-7细胞48和72 h后,仅化合物4在10-7、10-6和10-5mol/L浓度对MCF-7细胞增殖均有明显抑制作用,抑制率分别为29.8%、46.4%、51.8%和43.6%、61.2%、63.2%,与紫杉醇抑制细胞增殖的活性相近,且在24~72 h范围内具有时间依赖性;化合物2仅在10-5mol/L具有明显抑制细胞增殖的作用,抑制率为44.4%和49.6%。因此,10种不同结构类型的单体化合物中,仅baccatin III类化合物2、4对MCF-7细胞增殖具有较强的抑制作用,其中化合物4作用最强,活性与紫杉醇相近。     

响应面法在紫杉醇产生菌发酵前体优化中的应用

采用响应面法对美丽镰刀菌（Fusarium mairei K178）发酵合成紫杉醇途径中一些可能的前体进行优化研究。首先采用Plackett-Burman法对8个因素进行了筛选,结果表明,苯丙氨酸,苯甲酸钠和乙酸钠三个因素对紫杉醇产量影响较大。在此基础上,再通过Box-Behnken设计,利用Design-Expert软件进行二次回归分析,得到各因素的最佳浓度为：苯丙氨酸2.8mg/L,苯甲酸钠31.8mg/L,乙酸钠3.3g/L。在优化条件下紫杉醇的产量达到242.6μg/L,较前体单因素实验最高值提高15.6%。     

南方红豆杉产紫杉醇内生真菌的分离鉴定

从南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensisvar.mairei)植株分离到内生真菌63株,其中24株经鉴定分属于19个种(属).真子囊菌纲的2个属2株,半知菌纲的14个属22株.真子囊菌纲的无毛毛壳属(Achaetomiumsp.)的1株为新发现种.半知菌纲的葡萄孢属(Botrytissp.)1株和无孢菌群(Mycelia sterlia)2株的培养液,经浓缩萃取,薄层层析检测,Rf值分别为0.404、0.404、0.401,与紫杉醇对照品Rf值一致,为南方红豆杉产紫杉醇内生真菌.     

南方红豆杉响应不同传粉式样的结实表现

采用开花前雌株短枝套袋隔离传粉、花期人工授粉、风媒传粉 对照 及其传粉障碍等几种传粉式样 ,比较不同传粉 授粉 方式对南方红豆杉 Taxus chinensis var.mairei 结实的影响 ;在风媒传粉条件下 ,研究了南方红豆杉不同种植行向、树冠不同方位、上下内外不同层面的结实表现 .结果表明 :南方红豆杉存在孤雌生殖现象 ,平均单枝结实率为 2 8.7% ,与风媒传粉相比较 ,存在极显著差异 P<0 .0 1 ;人工授粉能显著提高结实率 P<0 .0 5 2 0 .7% ;2～ 3月份开花期 ,江汉平原盛行东北风 ,在风媒传粉条件下 ,东西向种植的南方红豆杉有更多的授粉机会 ,其结实情况极显著优于南北向种植的 P<0 .0 1 ;东西向种植的南方红豆杉树冠果实的空间分布 ,受传粉条件包括风向、冠层方位及距传粉源的距离、冠层内外上下层次等因素的影响 ,方位间的结实量按东南西北方位依次为 :2 30 .375粒、185 .6 2 5粒、12 8.813粒、10 5 .4 38粒 ,呈递减趋势 ,冠外层结实量普通高于冠内层 ,树冠东向下外层结实量最高 4 16 .75粒 ,北向下内层最低 2 2 .0 0粒 .     

滇韭的B-染色体及抗逆生理特性研究初探

对B-染色体在滇韭二倍体和四倍体中的分布进行了调查,并测定了不同海拔高度二倍体植株的抗氧化酶系活力、丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量,探索B-染色体对滇韭形态、育性及抗逆性的影响。结果表明：B-染色体在二倍体和四倍体滇韭中的分布和数量存在较大差异;B-染色体的存在对二倍体滇韭的形态和育性具有明显影响;SOD酶活及MDA含量与海拔高度呈一定的相关性。     

浙江中部地区野榧的调查

简述了浙江中部地区被称为"野榧"的植物,并非指一种植物,而是三尖杉、南方红豆杉、粗榧和野生榧树等几种植物.同时介绍了它们的叶与果实的主要区别;指出这些重要野生植物资源应加以保护.     

A new metabolite with a new substitution pattern from the seeds of the Chinese Yew, Taxus mairei

A new taxoid metabolite with a new substitution pattern was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Taxus mairei, and its structure was established as 5alpha,15-dihydroxy-7beta,9alpha-diacetoxy-11(15-->1)abeo-taxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one (1) on the basis of spectral analysis including (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, and confirmed by HR-FAB mass spectrometry.