蜡蚧轮枝菌固体发酵基质的筛选与组分优化研究

对昆虫病原真菌一蜡蚧轮枝菌菌株Tri—BA81进行5种单一基质和4种合基质固体发酵,初筛出谷子单一基质和谷子＋麦麸＋磷酸盐组合基质为最佳发酵基质,后者的产孢量是前者的3倍多。选取谷子、麦麸、磷酸盐和稻壳为4个组分因子,每个因子分别设有不同质量比例的3个水平,按正交设计（L94^3）进行优化组合筛选研究。结果表明,产孢量最高的正交组合为5号配方,分生孢子产量达1．68×10^10个／g。     

豆类炭疽病病原物种类及其发生研究进展

炭疽病是重要的世界性植物病害,造成大豆、绿豆等品质变劣,产量损失严重。本文综述了国内外大豆炭疽病的发生情况、炭疽菌种类及其特征,为了解该病的流行病学和科学防治提供理论依据。     

Techniques for staining fungal nuclei and appendages

PUNITHALINGAM, E., 1989. Techniques for staining fungal nuclei and appendages. The use of HCl-Giemsa stain for staining nuclei and a modified Leifson's flagellum staining technique for staining appendages in Coelomycetes has produced useful information which could further our knowledge of fungi and help to reappraise earlier concepts.     

环境因素对香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢生长和产孢的影响

为进一步明确香蕉叶斑病菌喙突脐蠕孢的生物学特性,调查了部分环境因素(碳氮源、植物成分培养基)对供试菌株(CLER09、D087和JL05)的营养生长和产孢的影响。结果显示,分生孢子主要先从基部萌芽,在28℃下约培养10h后出现两端萌芽;供试菌株对测试的20种碳源及26种氮源显示相似的生长反应,均可利用除菊糖外的测试碳源及氮源进行营养生长和产孢;测试的6种植物成分培养基对供试菌株的营养生长效果皆优于PDA培养基;除燕麦培养基外,其余5种培养基对菌株CLER09和D087的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基;测试的6种培养基对菌株JL05的产孢作用均优于PDA培养基。不同植物成分培养基对该菌分生孢子形态影响较大,以米糠、象草培养基对菌株D087和JL05的分生孢子长度和玉米粉培养基对菌株CLER09的分生孢子宽度的增长效果最为明显。     

球孢白僵菌羧基转运蛋白基因RNA干扰的沉默效应

羧基转运蛋白基因是近年来分离出的新基因,在虫生真菌中可能与穿透昆虫体壁时的能量代谢有关。构建了针对该基因的双链RNA干扰载体,采用芽生孢子转化法将载体质粒转入球孢白僵菌,并通过RT-PCR检测转化前后BbJEN1的表达情况。RT-PCR检测结果显示,球孢白僵菌转化子BbJEN1基因的表达水平显著下降,表明干扰载体具有明显的沉默效应。在两种培养基上,转化子与原始菌株的生长速度和产孢量差异均不显著,而分生孢子萌发则显著滞后于原始菌株。使用马尾松毛虫幼虫对转化子和原始菌株进行生物测定,原始菌株的半致死浓度、半致死剂量和半致死时间分别为2.79×106个孢子/mL、84.12个孢子/mm2和6.49d,而转化子的半致死浓度、半致死剂量和半致死时间则分别增加到1.27×107个孢子/mL、382.92个孢子/mm2和8.09d,毒力显著下降。由此表明BbJEN1基因与球孢白僵菌分生孢子发芽以及毒力均有关。     

Coniothyrium minitans菌株JN-CM摇瓶制种工艺的初步研究

本文对Coniothyrium minitans JN-CM菌株的摇瓶制种的可行性及其固体发酵的产孢条件进行了初步探究。首先通过对分生孢子萌发率和致腐能力的测定,验证了液体种子液进行固体发酵后得到分生孢子的活性,随后对液体制种条件和其后期固体发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明:摇瓶制种在初始p H 7.0的条件下,培养6 d可得到1.09×108cfu/m L分生孢子和5.4123 g/L菌丝体。将100μL摇瓶种子液(1×107cfu/m L)接种于5 g麸皮为基质、料水比1∶1.5、p H值为5.5的固体培养基内,发酵11 d可获得2.65x1010cfu/g分生孢子。     

响应面设计优化莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固体发酵培养条件及致病力测定

【背景】莱氏绿僵菌(Metarhizium rileyi)对新入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)具有较强的致病力和田间流行性,因此具备深入开发的价值。【目的】优化莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵培养条件,测定所产分生孢子对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力,为提高该菌株分生孢子规模化生产奠定基础。【方法】采用单因素试验确定了相对适宜的固态培养基,利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化该菌株的固态培养基和发酵参数,同时评价不同条件下该菌所产分生孢子对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力。【结果】去颖稻谷(rice)为莱氏绿僵菌SZCY菌株固相产孢最佳载体。培养温度、光周期及酵母浸粉含量是影响莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵产孢量的主要因素。莱氏绿僵菌SZCY固态发酵最佳工艺参数为温度22.83℃、光周期18.68 h L:5.32 h D、酵母浸粉4.98 g/100 g,在此条件下,莱氏绿僵菌在去颖稻谷固态培养基上的产孢量为5.65×10¹⁰孢子/g,用其制备浓度为10⁷孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的LT₅₀为3....     

胶孢炭疽菌C2H2型转录因子CgGcp1的生物学功能

【背景】胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)可以寄生于多种植物,侵染方式多样,能够引起严重的农业危害。在胶孢炭疽菌中,CgGcp1是一个C2H2型的转录因子,关于其生物学功能的研究未见报道。【目的】明确CgGcp1的生物学功能,为深入解析该病菌的致病机制奠定一定的理论依据。【方法】构建CgGCP1基因的敲除载体,利用同源重组得到敲除突变体。通过表型分析,包括营养生长、胁迫响应、孢子产生、附着胞形成及致病性分析等,明确该基因的生物学功能。【结果】CgGCP1基因敲除突变体生长速率较野生型减慢,对SDS、刚果红、NaCl和甘油更加敏感,孢子产量显著降低,附着胞的形成率降低且侵入能力减弱,在橡胶叶片上的致病力明显下降。【结论】CgGcp1参与调控胶孢炭疽菌营养生长、细胞壁完整性、分生孢子产生、附着胞形成与侵入和致病性。     

Photodamage to spores of Fusarium fungi sensitized by protoporphyrin IX

The photodynamic effect on the state of hydrated spores of micopathogen genus Fusarium and germination of conidia on a nutrient medium was studied using protoporphyrin IX as a sensitizer. It was shown that micromolar concentrations of protoporphyrin IX sensitize photooxidation of proteins and lipids in hydrated spores of Fusarium poae and Fusarium culmorum fungi under illumination of their suspensions at doses of 50–200 kJ/m². Photosensitized oxidation of cell components leads to damage the permeability of membranes and suppress spore germination during their further cultivation on the nutrient medium.     

Ultrastructural analysis of conidiophore development in the fungusAspergillus nidulans using freeze-substitution

Summary Conidiation inAspergillus nidulans can be divided conveniently into five morphologically distinct stages. These are development of the conidiophore stalk, formation of the conidiophore vesicle, differentiation of metulae, differentiation of phialides, and production of conidia. The results presented here demonstrate that freeze-substitution fixation greatly facilitates the study of most of these stages. Ultrastructural features of vesicles, mitochondria, microtubules and nuclei were more easily resolved in freeze-substituted samples than in chemically fixed samples. In addition, certain structures and events simply not visible in chemically fixed samples were found routinely in freeze-substituted samples. Examples include Golgi bodies and multivesicular bodies and mitotic divisions associated with various stages of conidiation.Abbreviations C conidium - CI conidium initial - CV conidiophore vesicle - FC foot cell - GB Golgi body - M mitochondrion - ME metula - MT microtubule - MVB multivesicular body - N nucleus - PM plasma membrane - P phialide - RER rough endoplasmic reticulum - S spindle apparatus - SPB spindle pole body - V vacuole - W fungal wall - WB Woronin body