Genetic diversity and restoration of a recalcitrant clonal sedge (Tetraria capillaris Cyperaceae)

The genetic diversity of a clonal sedge (Tertraria capillaris) was assessed using isozyme analysis of 11 loci. Of 29 enzyme systems tested, eight were selected which gave interpretable bands with consistently good resolution. Though seedlings of the species are rarely observed in nature, isozyme analysis showed that for the study transects containing 100 sample plants, the majority of plants at the site were sexually rather than clonally derived. Young plants generated from embryos grown in vitro from excised seeds showed a high level of genetic diversity which could account for the genetic diversity measured in the parent population. In terms of restoration of the species, 85% of the assessed genetic diversity at the study site could be retained if 25 T. capillaris plants were taken at random. The study illustrates how genetic assessment coupled with tissue culture methods provides a feasible model for the recovery of most of the assessed local genetic diversity of a clonal species.     

Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Early Maturity in Euplotes crassus

ABSTRACT. This paper reports on a new phenomenon in the ciliated protists: cytoplasmically determined early sexual maturity. Stock MN1 of the marine hypotrich Euplotes crassus matures immediately after conjugation. We analyzed the respective contribuboas of the nucleus and the cytoplasm to the inheritance of this stable condition. A genetic marker, and new methods in E. crassus for cytoplasmic labeling, production of amicronucleates, and induction of selfing were used. Crosses within and among the early mature (EM) variants and late mature (LM) "wild type" lines were done in ovarious combinations. Descendants of EM conjugants continued to be EM, and descendants of LM continued to be LM, regardless of the different experimental approaches used. The results of the crosses clearly show that the clonally stable, variant EM phenotype is transmitted at conjugation in a non-Mendelian manner through the cytoplasmic lineage. The expression of the trait is independent of the micronuclear genome, but the precise site and nature of the hereditary basis is unknown.     

Variation in O-antigens, niche-specific selection and bacterial populations

Bacterial populations usually consist of distinct clones, often apparently adapted to specific niches. A formal model is developed whereby niche-specific selection maintains the polymorphisms involved in clonal adaptation. Infrequent transfer of non-adaptive alleles to a clone is balanced by the selection for the resident adaptive allele. The model can account for the extensive polymorphism in surface antigens observed in bacteria, and also for the existence of sympatric clones of pathogenic species which differ in host range and/or mode of pathogenesis. Niche-specific selection combined with low levels of genetic transfer can also account for the high level of neutral variation in bacteria, and indirectly for their ability to respond rapidly to environmental changes.     

Archaeorhizomyces borealis sp. nov. and a sequence-based classification of related soil fungal species

The class Archaeorhizomycetes (Taphrinomycotina, Ascomycota) was introduced to accommodate an ancient lineage of soil-inhabiting fungi found in association with plant roots. Based on environmental sequencing data Archaeorhizomycetes may comprise a significant proportion of the total fungal community in soils. Yet the only species described and cultivated in this class is Archaeorhizomyces finlayi. In this paper, we describe a second species from a pure culture, Archaeorhizomyces borealis NS99-600^T (=CBS138755^ExT) based on morphological, physiological, and multi-locus molecular characterization. Archaeorhizomyces borealis was isolated from a root tip of a Pinus sylvestris seedling grown in a forest nursery in Lithuania. Analysis of Archaeorhizomycete species from environmental samples shows that it has a Eurasian distribution and is the most commonly observed species. Archaeorhizomyces borealis shows slow growth in culture and forms yellowish creamy colonies, characteristics that distinguish A. borealis from its closest relative A. finlayi. Here we also propose a sequence-based taxonomic classification of Archaeorhizomycetes and predict that approximately 500 species in this class remain to be isolated and described.     

OCCURRENCE OF PHYIWATED CHLOROPHYLL c IN ISOCHRYSIS GALBANA AND ISOCHRYSIS SP. (CLONE T-ISO) (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)1

The pigment composition of two clones of Isochrysis galbana Parke (CCMP 1323 and CCAP 927/1), and Isochrysis sp. (clone T-ISO) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a polymeric octadecylsilica column. Fluorescent peaks with retention times higher than chlorophyll a were detected for all three clones. The corresponding pigments were isolated and characterized in terms of their visible absorbance and fluorescence spectra. The pigments were similar to phytol-substituted chlorophyll c, previously isolated from Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler and other species containing chlmophyll c₃. The presence of phytol-substituted chlorophyll c in I. galbana which lacked chlorophyll c₃, increases the diversity of chlorophyll patterns for the Haptophyta, which can be grouped, at present, into six different pigment types. This is the jrst observation of a haptophyte containing the apolar phytylated chlorophyll c-like pigment but lacking chlorophyll c₃.     

焦化废水处理厂接触氧化池中降酚菌群的苯酚羟化酶大亚基基因多样性

研究了某焦化废水处理厂接触氧化池中降酚菌群的苯酚羟化酶大亚基基因(thelargestsubunitofthemulti-componentphenolhydroxylase,LmPH)的多样性。通过温度梯度凝胶电泳(temperaturegradientgelelectrophoresis,TGGE)对比分析了氧化池4个区段(O1—O4)中降酚菌群LmPH的组成。它们的TGGE图谱完全一样,相似性为100%,表明该处理池中不同区段的降酚菌群的功能基因组成是高度相似的。以O4段的菌群为代表建立LmPH基因克隆文库,从中挑选了49个克隆测序。依据LmPH基因的DNA序列所推测的氨基酸序列完全相同的归为一类的原则,49个克隆被分为16种类型,其中优势LmPH基因主要有5种类型(多于4个克隆),而另外11种类型都只有1个克隆。与已知基因同源性超过90%的有7种类型,低于80%的有2种类型。基于氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析表明,LmPH文库中绝大部分的类型都属于低亲和常数(low-Ks)的LmPH,占所有克隆的92%。只有一个类型属于高亲和常数(high-Ks)的。因此,处理焦化废水的工业装置中不仅具有丰富多样的苯酚羟化酶基因类型,而且以编码低亲和常数的占优势地位,而过去报道的通过富集培养分离得到的降酚菌则多带有高亲和常数的酶。这提示我们传统的富集培养方法并不能筛选到生态环境中的真正优势功能菌。     

人类新型β 3半乳糖基转移酶基因β 3GalT7 的克隆和鉴定

从人肺 cDNA 文库中克隆到人类β 3- 半乳糖基转移酶家族中的一个新成员β 3GalT7 (AY277592 , EC2.4.1.-) ,并对其进行了鉴定 . 该基因定位在人类染色体 19q13.2. 它包含一个 1 191 bp 的开放阅读框 (ORF). 编码的蛋白质包括一个信号肽和一个半乳糖基转移酶结构域,分子质量和等电点分别为 43.3 ku 和 8.37. 从原核表达中获得的融合蛋白的分子质量和预测相符 . RNA 印迹杂交显示β 3GalT7 在肺、喉和回肠组织中高表达,而在舌、乳房、子宫、睾丸等组织中表达较低 . 此外半定量 RT-PCR 显示β 3GalT7 在人类不同的肿瘤细胞中转录水平有明显差异 .     

油松雌性不育系球果蛋白质双向电泳技术的建立

本文建立了油松雌性不育系雌球果蛋白质组研究中的双向电泳技术.第一向采用固定pH值梯度(IPG)胶条在IPGphorTM等电聚焦仪上进行等电聚焦,第二向在恒功率且恒温条件下于Ettan-DALTTMⅡ高通量电泳仪上进行SDS-PAGE电泳,以银染和考马斯亮蓝两种方法染色.通过对全蛋白的提取、胶条pH值和胶条肿胀等技术环节的优化和比较,得到了重复性很高,分离效果良好的蛋白质双向图谱.